A vharuvhu yeshavishavimudziyo wekudzora mvura. Unoshandisa 1/4 turn rotation kudzora kufamba kwemedia mumaitiro akasiyana-siyana. Kuziva zvinhu uye mashandiro ezvikamu kwakakosha. Zvinobatsira kusarudza vharuvhu yakakodzera kushandiswa kwayo. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe, kubva mumuviri wevharuvhu kusvika kuhunde yevharuvhu, chine basa rayo. Yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakakodzera kushandiswa. Yese inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti inoshanda zvakanaka uye inochengetedza. Kunzwisisa kwakakodzera kwezvikamu izvi kunogona kuvandudza mashandiro esystem uye hupenyu hwebasa. Mavharuvhu ebharuvhu anoshandiswa muminda yakawanda nekuda kwekushanda kwawo kwakasiyana-siyana. Maindasitiri akadai sekurapa mvura, kugadzirisa makemikari, uye chikafu nezvinwiwa anoshandisa mavharuvhu aya. Mavharuvhu ebharuvhu anogona kubata kumanikidzwa kwakasiyana uye tembiricha. Saka, anokodzera nzvimbo dzakakwirira uye dzisina kudiwa zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, mutengo wakaderera uye nyore kuisa zvinoita kuti isiyane nemamwe mavharuvhu akawanda.
1. Zita reChikamu cheVharuvhuti: Muviri weVharuvhu
Muviri wevharuvhu yemashavishavi igoko. Inotsigira dhisiki revharuvhu, chigaro, hunde, uye actuator.muviri wevharuvhu yeshavishaviinoshandiswa kubatanidza paipi kuti vharuvhu irambe iri panzvimbo yayo. Zvakare, muviri wevharuvhu unofanira kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Saka, dhizaini yayo yakakosha pakushanda kwayo.
Zvinhu zvemuviri wevharuvhu
Zvinhu zvemuviri wevharuvhu zvinoenderana nepaipi uye media. Zvinoenderanawo nemamiriro ekunze.
Zvinotevera zvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa.
-Simbi yakakandwa, rudzi rwevharuvhu resimbi rakachipa kupfuura mamwe ese. Rinodzivirira kupfekwa zvakanaka.
-Simbi yesimbi, kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi yakakandwa, ine simba riri nani, inodzivirira kupera uye inopfava zviri nani. Saka yakakodzera kushandiswa mumaindasitiri.
-Simbi isina ngura, ine kugadzikana kukuru uye inodzivirira ngura. Yakanakira kushandiswa kwemvura inoparadza uye kushandiswa kwehutsanana.
-WCB,Nekuoma kwayo kwakanyanya uye simba rayo, yakakodzera kushandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya uye nekupisa kwakanyanya. Uye inogona kunamirwa.
2. Zita reChikamu cheVharuvhuti: Dhisiki yeVharuvhu
Iyodhisiki revharuvhu reshavishaviIri pakati pemuviri wevharuvhu uye rinotenderera kuti rivhure kana kuvhara vharuvhu remashavishavi. Chinhu chacho chinosangana zvakananga nemvura. Saka, chinofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwechinhu chacho. Zvinhu zvakajairika zvinosanganisira sphere nickel plating, nylon, rabha, simbi isingatsvedzeri, uye aluminium bronze. Dhizaini yakatetepa yevharuvhu inogona kuderedza kuramba kuyerera, nokudaro ichichengetedza simba uye ichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwevharuvhu remashavishavishavi.
mhando dzemadhisiki evharuvhu.
Rudzi rwedhisiki revharuvhu: Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemadhisiki evharuvhu anoshandiswa zvakasiyana.
-Dhisiki yevharuvhu yakakombamaYakabatana nepakati pemuviri wevharuvhu. Iri nyore uye inodhura zvishoma.
-Dhisiki yevharuvhu ine eccentric kaviriine rabha yakaiswa pamucheto wevharuvhu. Inogona kuvandudza mashandiro ekuvhara.
Dhisiki ine eccentric katatuIsimbi. Inovhara zviri nani uye haipfeki zvakanyanya, saka yakanaka munzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
3. Zita reChikamu cheVharuvhuti: Hunde
Dumbu rinobatanidza actuator yediski bhokisi. Rinotumira kutenderera nesimba rinodiwa kuti vharuvhu remashavishavi rivhure kana kuti rivhare. Chikamu ichi chinoita basa guru mukushanda kwevharuvhu remashavishavi. Dumbu rinofanira kutsungirira torque yakawanda uye kushushikana panguva yekushanda. Saka, zvinodiwa nezvinhu zvinodiwa zvakanyanya.
Chinhu chevharuvhu
Hunde yacho inowanzogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasimba, zvakaita sesimbi isingasvibi uye bhuronzi realuminium.
-Simbi isina ngurayakasimba uye inodzivirira ngura.
-Ndarira yeAluminiumInoirwisa zvakanaka. Inovimbisa kuvimbika kwenguva refu.
-Zvimwe zvinhuzvinogona kusanganisira simbi yekabhoni kana alloys. Zvinosarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushanda.
4. Zita reChikamu cheVharuvhuti: Chigaro
Chigaro chiri muvharuvhu remapuruguru chinoita chisimbiso pakati pedhisiki nemuviri wevharuvhu. Kana vharuvhu yavharwa, dhisiki inodzvanya chigaro. Izvi zvinodzivirira kubuda kwemvura uye zvinochengetedza sisitimu yemapaipi isina kukuvadzwa.
Iyochigaro chevharuvhu yeshavishaviinofanira kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana uye tembiricha. Sarudzo yezvigaro zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwacho. Rabha, silicone, Teflon nedzimwe elastomers isarudzo dzakajairika.
Mhando dzezvigaro zvevharuvhu
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigaro zvinosangana nemabasa akasiyana-siyana. Mhando dzakajairika ndeidzi:
-Zvigaro zvevharuvhu zvakapfava: Yakagadzirwa nerabha kana Teflon, inochinjika uye yakasimba. Zvigaro izvi zvakanaka pakushandisa tembiricha yakaderera uye inoda kuvharwa zvakasimba.
-Zvigaro zvese zvesimbi zvevharuvhu: zvakagadzirwa nesimbi, senge simbi isingatsvi. Zvinogona kutsungirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa. Zvigaro izvi zvevharuvhu zvakakodzera nzvimbo dzinoda kugara kwenguva refu.
-Zvigaro zvevharuvhu zvakawanda: Yakagadzirwa negrafiti nesimbi zvakaunganidzwa panguva imwe chete. Zvinosanganisa hunhu hwezvigaro zvevharuvhu dzakapfava nezvigaro zvevharuvhu dzesimbi. Saka, Chigaro ichi chine mativi akawanda chinowana chiyero pakati pekuchinjika uye kusimba. Zvigaro izvi zvevharuvhu ndezvekushandisa sealant yepamusoro. Zvinogona kuvhara kunyangwe kana zvapfekwa.
5. Muchina wekugadzirisa
Chinofambisa magetsi (actuator) ndicho chinoshandisa vharuvhu reshavishavi. Chinotenderedza ndiro yevharuvhu kuti ivhure kana kuvhara kuyerera kwemvura. Chinofambisa magetsi chinogona kuitwa nemaoko (nemubato kana negonye) kana otomatiki (nepneumatic, electric, kana hydraulic).
Mhando nezvinhu
-Mubato:Yakagadzirwa nesimbi kana simbi yakakandwa, yakakodzera mavharuvhu eshavishavi eDN≤250.
-Zvishandiso zvehonye:Yakakodzera mavharuvhu emhando ipi zvayo, inochengetedza simba uye ine mutengo wakaderera. Magiya anogona kupa mukana wekushandisa mavharuvhu makuru kana ane simba rakawanda.
- Zvinoita kuti mhepo ishande:shandisa mhepo yakamanikidzwa kushandisa mavharuvhu. Anowanzo gadzirwa nearuminiyamu kana simbi.
- Ma actuator emagetsi:vanoshandisa mota dzemagetsi uye vanoiswa mudzimba dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita searuminiyamu kana simbi isingatsvi. Kune mhando dzakabatana uye dzakangwara. Misoro yemagetsi isingapindi mvura uye isingaputi inogonawo kusarudzwa munzvimbo dzakakosha.
Magadzirisi ehydraulic:shandisa mafuta ehydraulic kushandisa mavharuvhu emashavishavi. Zvikamu zvawo zvakagadzirwa nesimbi kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakasimba. Yakakamurwa kuita misoro yepneumatic inoshanda kamwe chete uye miviri inoshanda.
6. Zvigadziko
Zvigadziko zvinotsigira uye zvinoderedza kukweshana pakati pezvikamu zvinofamba, zvakaita sematsinde evharuvhu nemiviri. Zvinoita kuti zvishande zvakanaka.
Zvinhu
- PTFE (Teflon):kukweshana kushoma uye kuramba makemikari zvakanaka.
- Ndarira:simba rakawanda uye kuramba kupfeka zvakanaka.
7. Magaskets nemaO-rings
Magasket nemaO-rings zvinhu zvinovhara. Zvinodzivirira kubuda kwemvura pakati pezvikamu zvevharuvhu uye pakati pemavharuvhu nemapaipi.
Zvinhu
- EPDM:inowanzoshandiswa mumvura uye muutsi.
- NBR:yakakodzera kushandiswa kwemafuta nemafuta.
- PTFE:Kusabatwa nemakemikari zvakanyanya, kunoshandiswa mukushandiswa kwemakemikari ane simba.
- Viton:Inozivikanwa nekusagona kwayo kupisa kwakanyanya uye makemikari ane hukasha.
8. Mabhoti
Mabhoti anobata zvikamu zvevharuvhu reshavishavi pamwe chete. Anoita kuti vharuvhu rive rakasimba uye risingadonhe mvura.
Zvinhu
- Simbi isina ngura:Inonyanya kufarirwa nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo ngura uye simba rayo.
- Simbi yekabhoni:Inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzisingakanganisi zvakanyanya.
9. Mapini
Mapini aya anobatanidza dhisiki netsinde, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kutenderera zvakanaka.
Zvinhu
- Simbi isina ngura:Kuramba ngura uye simba rayo guru.
- Ndarira:Kuramba kupfeka uye kugona kushanda zvakanaka.
10. Mbabvu
Mbabvu dzinopa rutsigiro rwakawedzerwa kudhisiki. Dzinogona kudzivirira kushanduka kwemuviri kana wamanikidzwa.
Zvinhu
- Simbi:Simba guru uye kuomarara.
- Aruminiyamu:Yakakodzera kushandiswa kwakareruka.
11. Mapendi nependi
Mapurasitiki nejira zvinodzivirira muviri wevharuvhu nezvikamu zvayo kubva mukuora, kukukurwa, uye kubva pakusakara.
- Machira erabha:Zvakadai seEPDM, NBR, kana neoprene, zvinoshandiswa mukushandisa zvinoparadza kana zvinogumbura.
- Kuputira kwePTFE:Kusakwanisa kushandisa makemikari uye kukweshana kushoma.
12. Zviratidzo zvenzvimbo
Chiratidzo chenzvimbo chinoratidza mamiriro akavhurika kana akavharwa evharuvhu. Izvi zvinobatsira masisitimu ari kure kana otomatiki kutarisa nzvimbo yevharuvhu.
Mhando
- Michina:chiratidzo chiri nyore chemuchina chakabatanidzwa padanda revharuvhu kana paactuator.
- Zvemagetsi:sensor
13. Mhedziso
Zvinhu zvakanyorwa pamusoro apa zvinoumba vharuvhu yakazara yeshavishavi. Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa pachikamu chimwe nechimwe zvinosarudza mhedzisiro yacho.nzvimbo yekushandayevharuvhu iyi yemashavishavi.
Kana nzvimbo yekunze yakaoma, mavharuvhu emhando yepamusoro anofanira kushandiswa. Kana nzvimbo yacho yakanyanya kuipa, kunaka kwechigaro chevharuvhu, dhisiki revharuvhu, uye kunyange tsinde revharuvhu zvinofanira kuwedzerwa.