Mavharuvhu emashavishavi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sekuchenesa mvura, mafuta negesi, HVAC, uye kugadzirisa makemikari nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwawo kwakabatana uye kuyerera kwawo zvakanaka uye kudzora kusingadhuri.
Zvisinei, rimwe rematambudziko akajairika nemavharuvhu eshavishaviKubuda kwemvura kunogona kuitika mukati (nepachigaro chevharuvhu) kana kunze (kwakapoteredza tsinde yevharuvhu kana muviri wevharuvhu). Kubuda kwemvura kunogona kuva kudiki kana kukuru, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekushanda zvakanaka kwehurongwa, kana njodzi dzakakomba dzekuchengetedza, matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza, kana nguva inodhura yekushanda.
Saka, kunzwisisa zvikonzero zvemvura iyi uye kushandisa mhinduro dzinoshanda kwakakosha kuti vharuvhu ishande zvakanaka.
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Mhando dzeMavharuvhu eButterfly
Tisati taongorora zvikonzero nemhinduro, ngatitangei taronga maburi anowanzobuda mumavharuvhu eshavishavi:
a. Kubuda Kwemvura Mukati: Mvura inopfuura nemuvharuvhu kana yakavharwa, zvichiratidza kuti chigaro chevharuvhu kana dhisiki hazvigone kuita chisimbiso chakasimba.
b. Kubuda Kwemvura Kunze: Mvura inobuda mumuviri wevharuvhu, kazhinji yakatenderedza tsinde yevharuvhu, kurongedza, kana kubatana kweflange, zvichikanganisa chisimbiso.
Mhando dzese dziri mbiri dzekudonha kwemvura dzinogona kubva pakugadzirwa, kuiswa, mashandiro, kana zvinhu zvine chekuita nekugadzirisa.
Pazasi, tichaongorora zvikonzero zvikuru uye mhinduro dzinoenderana nerudzi rwega rwega rwekubuda kwemvura.
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1. Zvisimbiso zvakasakara kana zvakakuvara
Chikonzero chinowanzoita kuti mukati mubude mvura ndeyekuora kwezvikamu zvekuvhara mavharuvhu (zvakadai se elastic liners kana zvigaro zvesimbi).
1.1 Zvinokonzera
- Kuora kwezvinhu: Kugara kwenguva refu uchinwa zvinopisa, kupisa kwakanyanya kana mwaranzi ye ultraviolet zvinogona kukonzera kuti zvisimbiso zviome, zvitsemuke kana kurasikirwa nekusimba.
- Zvinosvibisa: Mvura ine jecha, matombo kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinoparadza zvisimbiso nekufamba kwenguva.
- Kukwegura: Kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kuoma, zvisimbiso zvinozopera nekufamba kwenguva, zvichideredza kugona kwadzo kuisa vharuvhu padhisiki. Uku kukwegura kwechisikigo kusingadzivisiki.
- Torque yakawandisa: Torque yemagetsi, pneumatic nedzimwe actuators dzakasarudzwa yakakura kwazvo, uye dhisiki revharuvhu rinoisa kumanikidzwa kwakawanda pachigaro chevharuvhu parinovhara, zvichiita kuti chigaro chevharuvhu chikanganise kana kutobvaruka. Kunyangwe kana zvichishandiswa nemaoko, kuisa torque yakawandisa kumavharuvhu ebhuruvhu ane dhayamita hombe kunogona kukonzera deformation kana kukuvara kwechigaro chevharuvhu.
1.2 Mhinduro
- Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu: Sarudza zvinhu zvinovhara zvinoenderana nemvura uye mamiriro ekushanda. Semuenzaniso, shandisa PTFE pakurwisa makemikari, EPDM pakushandisa mvura, uye Viton pakushandisa mafuta.
- Kugadzirisa nguva dzose: Shandisa chirongwa chekuchengetedza chekudzivirira kuti uongorore uye utsive zvisimbiso zvisati zvakundikana. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha munzvimbo dzakaoma.
- Kuvhara kwekudzivirira: Pakushandisa zvinokwesha, funga nezvekushandisa mavharuvhu ane zvigaro zvakaputirwa kana kuti zvakaoma kuti zvivhariso zvirambe zviripo kwenguva refu.
- Gadzirisa actuator: Zvichienderana nedata re torque ye butterfly valve rakapihwa nemugadziri, sarudza actuator ine torque yakakodzera, kana sarudza actuator ine dziviriro ye torque. Pamusoro pezvo, paunenge uchishanda nemaoko, simba rakawandisa rinofanira kudzivirirwa. Zfa inokurudzira kuti kana usina chokwadi, unogona kushandisa actuator yemubato kana ye worm gear ine torque shoma.
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2. Kuisa zvisina kunaka
Kubuda kwemvura kunowanzokonzerwa nekukanganisa panguva yekuisa mavharuvhu, zvichikanganisa zvisimbiso zvemukati nekunze.
2.1 Zvikonzero
- Kusarongeka: Kana vharuvhu isina kurongeka zvakanaka nepombi, dhisiki inogona kusagara zvakanaka, zvichikonzera kubuda kwemvura mukati.
- Kusakwana kwe torque: Kusakwana kwekusimbaradza ma flange bolts kunogona kukonzera kubuda kwekunze panzvimbo inopindirana ne valvu pombi.
- Kusimbisa zvakanyanya: Kusimba kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kuchinja kwemuviri wevharuvhu kana chigaro, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira dhisiki kuti isavhare zvizere uye kukonzera kubuda kwemukati.
2.2 Mhinduro
- Kuongorora kurongeka: Panguva yekuisa, shandisa chishandiso chekurongeka kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti vharuvhu iri pakati pepombi. Zvakakoshawo kuona kuti dhisiki iri kufamba zvakasununguka pasina kubata madziro epombi.
- Matanho etorque: Tevedzera kukosha kwetorque kunokurudzirwa nemugadziri wema flange bolts uye shandisa chipanera chetorque chakagadziriswa kuti gasket idzvinyirirwe zvakaenzana.
- Kusarudzwa kweGasket: Shandisa magasket emhando yepamusoro, ane elastic anoenderana nevharuvhu nezvinhu zvepombi. Ita shuwawo kuti saizi yegasket yakakodzera kudzivirira kudzvanywa kwakanyanya kana mipata.
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3. Kupindirana kwedhisiki
Kubuda kwemukati kunogona kuitika kana dhisiki risingakwanise kuvharika zvizere nekuda kwekukanganiswa kwepombi kana flange yakapoteredza.
3.1 Chikonzero
- Kusawirirana kwedhayamita yepombi: Kana ID yepombi iri diki zvakanyanya, dhisiki inogona kurova madziro epombi painovhara.
- Dhizaini yeFlange: Maflange akasimudzwa kana nzvimbo dzisina kukura zvakanaka zvinogona kukanganisa dhisiki kufamba.
- Kuunganidzwa kwemarara: Zvinhu zvakaoma kana kuti makwande anoungana mukati mevharuvhu zvinogona kudzivirira diski kuti isagare zvakanaka.
3.2 Mhinduro
- Kuongororwa kwekuenderana: Usati waisa, simbisa kuti dhayamita yedhisiki revharuvhu inoenderana neID yepombi.
- Kugadziriswa kweFlange: Tevedzera mitemo yakaita seANSI kana DIN kuti ushandise flat flanges kana gaskets kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti disc yakasununguka.
- Basa rekuchenesa: Sukurudza system usati watanga kushandisa mavharuvhu kuti ubvise marara, uye isa mafirita ekukwira kana mamiriro ezvinhu achibvumira kudzivirira kuungana kwemvura mune ramangwana.
4. Kusashanda zvakanaka kwekuisa stem package
Kubuda kwemvura kunze kunowanzoitika kutenderedza tsinde revharuvhu, izvo zvinokonzerwa nematambudziko ekurongedza kana zvisimbiso zvinodzivirira mvura kuti isabude ichitevedza axis.
4.1 Chikonzero
- Kupfekwa: Nekufamba kwenguva, zvinhu zvekurongedza zvakaita sePTFE kana graphite zvinopera nekuda kwekufamba kwemudzi kana kumanikidzwa.
- Kuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha: Zvichibva papfungwa yekuwedzera nekudzikira kwekupisa, kuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha kakawanda kunogona kukonzera kuti kurongedza kuome, kusunungura, uye kutobvaruka.
- Kugadzirisa kusina kunaka: Kana chirongo chekutakura chakasununguka zvakanyanya, mvura yacho inogona kubuda; kana yakanyanya kuoma, inogona kukuvadza tsinde yevharuvhu kana kudzivirira kufamba.
4.2 Mhinduro
- Kugadzirisa kurongedza: Gara uchitarisa uye uchitsiva zvinhu zvakasakara zvekurongedza.
- Zvinhu zvekutarisa pakupisa: Sarudza zvinhu zvekurongedza zvakakodzera tembiricha yehurongwa, zvakaita sezvinhu zvinochinjika zvegirafiti zvinoshandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya.
- Kugadziriswa kwegland: Simbisa gland yekurongedza kusvika pa torque yakatarwa nemugadziri, tarisa kana paine madonhwe emvura mushure mekugadzirisa uye dzivisa kudzvanywa zvakanyanya.
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5. Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kana tembiricha
Kana mamiriro ekushanda akadarika muganho wekugadzirwa kwevharuvhu, kubuda kwemvura kunogona kuitika, zvichikanganisa zvisimbiso zvemukati nekunze.
5.1 Zvinokonzera
- Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya: Kumanikidzwa kunopfuura chiyero chevharuvhu kunogona kukanganisa chigaro chevharuvhu kana dhisiki, zvichiita kuti zvisakwanise kuvharwa.
- Kuwedzera kwekupisa: Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kuti zvikamu zvikure zvisina kuenzana, zvichikonzera kukwegura kwechisimbiso, kupfava kana kutoita kuti chisimbiso chisashande zvakanaka, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kukwana kwenzvimbo yechisimbiso, kusunungura chisimbiso kana kukonzera kubuda kwekunze pajoini.
- Kuoma kwechando: Kana mamiriro ari pasi pe -10 degrees, chisimbiso chinogona kuoma uye kutsemuka, zvichikonzera kubuda kwemvura.
5.2 Mhinduro
- Kuyera kwakakodzera kudzvanywa nekupisa: Sarudza mavharuvhu ane kuyera kwekudzvanywa nekupisa kunodarika mamiriro epamusoro ehurongwa uye funga nezvekuchengetedzwa.
- Kuderedza kumanikidzwa: Isa vharuvhu kana chinodzora kumanikidzwa kwepamusoro kuti udzivise kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
- Zvinodzivirira/zvinodziyisa: Shandisa machira ekudzivirira kana zvinhu zvinopisa munzvimbo dzinotonhora kudzivirira kutonhora.
5.3 Tafura yekuenzanisa tembiricha yezvinhu
Pazasi pane midhiya netembiricha zvinoenderana nezvisimbiso zvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.
| ZITA | ZVINOSHANDISWA | KUYERA KWETEMBU |
|---|---|---|
| EPDM | Mvura, mvura inonwiwa, mvura yegungwa, alcohols, organic salts inonyungudika, mineral acid solutions, mineral bases alkaline | -10℃ kusvika 110℃ |
| NBR | Mafuta emumigodhi nemiriwo, gasi, mahydrocarbon asinganhuhwiriri, mafuta emhuka, mafuta emiriwo, mhepo | -10℃ kusvika 80℃ |
| VITON | Mafuta, mahydrocarbon, mafuta emiriwo nemaminerari, mafuta emagetsi | -15℃ kusvika 180℃ |
| Rabha Yezvisikwa | Munyu, hydrochloric acid, mhinduro dzesimbi, chlorine yakanyorova. | -10℃ kusvika 70℃ |
| Rabha reSilicon | Kuramba kupisa kwakaderera uye kwakanyanya, mahydrocarbon emhando yechikafu, maasidhi, mabhesi, zvinhu zvinodzivirira mhepo | -10℃ kusvika 160℃ |
| PU | kushandiswa kwemakemikari kusingarwisi senge mvura, mvura yakasviba nemvura yegungwa | -29℃ kusvika 80℃ |
| HNBR | Mvura, Mvura Inonwiwa, Mvura Yakasviba. | -53℃ kusvika 130℃ |
| Hypalon | Kunyungudika kwemaminerari acid, organic uye inorganic acids, oxidizing substances, | -10℃ kusvika 80℃ |
| PTFE | mvura, mafuta, utsi, mhepo, tsvina, uye mvura inoparadza | -30℃ kusvika 130℃ |
| SS+Graphite | Nzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, dzakadai semasisitimu emhepo, maindasitiri emakemikari nepeturu. | -200°C kusvika 550℃ |
| SS+Stelite | zvese zviri pakati nepakati | -200°C kusvika 600°C |
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6. Kubvisa ngura nekubvisa ngura
6.1 Chii chinonzi cavitation
Kuvhuvhuta kwemvura kunokonzerwa nekudonha kamwe kamwe kwesimba remvura kusvika pakumanikidzwa kwemvura iri muchikamu chinotenderera chevharuvhu (senge pakati pepuratifomu yebhatafura nechigaro chevharuvhu), zvichikonzera kuti mvura iyi iite gasification yenzvimbo yacho kuti igadzire mabubbles. Kana mabubbles aya achienda kunzvimbo ine simba rakawanda ine mvura, anodonha nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera mafungu ekudengenyeka uye ma microjets, izvo zvinokonzeresa kukurwa kwevhuruvhu nekukuvadzwa kwenzvimbo inovhara vharuvhu, chigaro chevharuvhu nemuviri wevharuvhu.
Kunyangwe kuvharwa kwevhu nengura zviri dambudziko guru rekushanda zvakanaka, zvinogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura zvisina kunanga nekukuvadza nzvimbo inovharwa.
6.2 Chii chinonzi ngura?
Kuora kunokonzerwa nemakemikari kana kuti electrochemical reactions pamusoro pevharuvhu reshavishavi nekuda kwekubatana kwenguva refu nezvinokuvadza (zvakaita seacid, alkali, salt solution kana high-temperature steam), zvichikonzera kukuvara kwevharuvhu rinovhara, tsinde revharuvhu, chigaro chevharuvhu kana muviri wevharuvhu.
6.3 Zvikonzero
- Kudonha kwedzvinyiriro yepamusoro: Kuchinja kwedzvinyiriro nekukurumidza kunoburitsa mabhuru anoputika, ayo anoparadza dhisiki revharuvhu kana chigaro chevharuvhu.
- Kuyerera kwechinhu chinoparadza: Chinhu ichi chine maacid, alkalis, munyu, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinosangana zvakananga nesimbi, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo inovhara uye muviri wevharuvhu zvinyunguduke zvishoma nezvishoma kana kuti zviome uye zvitete.
- Zvinoshandiswa pakukwesha: Mvura inomhanyisa ine zvidimbu zvinopera mupendero wekuvhara nekufamba kwenguva.
6.4 Mhinduro
- Kudzora kuyerera kwemvura: Sarudza saizi yevharuvhu nemazvo kuti uderedze kudonha kwesimba uye shandisa kuverenga kwe flow coefficient (Cv) kuti usvike pazvinodiwa nesystem.
- Kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu: Sarudza zvinhu zvisingakanganiswi nengura zvakaita sesimbi isingatsvi kana kuti zvinopfekwa pamusoro pemavharuvhu nemagaro emavharuvhu.
- Kugadzira sisitimu: Deredza kuyerera kwemvura nekuwedzera dhayamita yepombi kana kuwedzera mudziyo unoderedza kumanikidzwa kumusoro.
Tafura Yekukosha yeCV 6.5
| Kukosha kweCv- Flow Rate Coefficient DN50 kusvika DN1400 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saizi(mm) | 10° | 20° | 30° | 40° | 50° | 60° | 70° | 80° | 90° |
| 50 | 0.1 | 5 | 12 | 24 | 45 | 64 | 90 | 125 | 135 |
| 65 | 0.2 | 8 | 20 | 37 | 65 | 98 | 144 | 204 | 220 |
| 80 | 0.3 | 12 | 22 | 39 | 70 | 116 | 183 | 275 | 302 |
| 100 | 0.5 | 17 | 36 | 78 | 139 | 230 | 364 | 546 | 600 |
| 125 | 0.8 | 29 | 61 | 133 | 237 | 392 | 620 | 930 | 1022 |
| 150 | 2 | 45 | 95 | 205 | 366 | 605 | 958 | 1437 | 1579 |
| 200 | 3 | 89 | 188 | 408 | 727 | 1202 | 1903 | 2854 | 3136 |
| 250 | 4 | 151 | 320 | 694 | 1237 | 2047 | 3240 | 4859 | 5340 |
| 300 | 5 | 234 | 495 | 1072 | 1911 | 3162 | 5005 | 7507 | 8250 |
| 350 | 6 | 338 | 715 | 1549 | 2761 | 4568 | 7230 | 10844 | 11917 |
| 400 | 8 | 464 | 983 | 2130 | 3797 | 6282 | 9942 | 14913 | 16388 |
| 450 | 11 | 615 | 1302 | 2822 | 5028 | 8320 | 13168 | 19752 | 21705 |
| 500 | 14 | 791 | 1674 | 3628 | 6465 | 10698 | 16931 | 25396 | 27908 |
| 600 | 22 | 1222 | 2587 | 5605 | 9989 | 16528 | 26157 | 39236 | 43116 |
| 700 | 36 | 1813 | 3639 | 6636 | 10000 | 14949 | 22769 | 34898 | 49500 |
| 800 | 45 | 2387 | 4791 | 8736 | 13788 | 20613 | 31395 | 48117 | 68250 |
| 900 | 60 | 3021 | 6063 | 11055 | 17449 | 26086 | 39731 | 60895 | 86375 |
| 1000 | 84 | 4183 | 8395 | 15307 | 24159 | 36166 | 55084 | 84425 | 119750 |
| 1200 | 106 | 5370 | 10741 | 19641 | 30690 | 46065 | 70587 | 107568 | 153450 |
| 1400 | 174 | 8585 | 17171 | 31398 | 49060 | 73590 | 112838 | 171710 | 245300 |
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7. Zvikanganiso zveKugadzira
Dzimwe nguva, kudonha kunobva mukukanganisika mukugadzirwa kwemavharuvhu kunogona kuonekwa panguva yekutanga kushandiswa kana kuyedzwa.
7.1 Zvikonzero
- Kukanganisika kwemuchina: Kutsemuka kana kutsemuka kwemuviri wevharuvhu kunogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura kunze.
- Matambudziko ekuvhara pamusoro: Kusashanda zvakanaka kwedhisiki kana chigaro kunogona kudzivirira kuvharwa zvakanaka, zvichikonzera kubuda kwemvura mukati.
- Zvikanganiso zvekubatanidza: Kusaisa zvisimbiso zvakanaka kana kusarongeka zvakanaka kwezvikamu panguva yekugadzira zvinogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura.
7.2 Mhinduro
- Kuvimbiswa kwemhando yepamusoro: Tenga kubva kuvagadziri vane mukurumbira vane zvitupa zvakaita seISO 9001, uye kumbira mushumo wekuongororwa kwekumanikidzwa (semuenzaniso, zvichienderana neAPI 598) kuti uone kana mvura ichidonha.
- Kuedza usati waisa: Ita bvunzo dzemvura inodonha kana kuti inobuda mumhepo usati waisa kuti uone zvikanganiso, uye dzorera mayuniti asina kunaka kumutengesi.
- Zvinotaurwa newarandi: Ita shuwa kuti vharuvhu ine waranti inovhara zvikanganiso zvekugadzira kuitira kuti igone kutsiviwa kana madonhwe emvura akaonekwa nekukurumidza.
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8. Mhedziso
Vharuvhu yeshavishaviKubuda kwemvura, kugadzirisa matambudziko aya kunoda musanganiswa wekusarudza vharuvhu yakakodzera, kuisa nokungwarira, kugadzirisa nguva dzose, uye kugadzirisa sisitimu. Nekusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera kushandiswa, kutevedzera nhungamiro dzekuisa uye kutarisa mamiriro ekushanda, vashandisi vanogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekubuda kwemvura.
Vharuvhu yeshavishavi inobudaMatambudziko anogona kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye mhinduro dzakasiyana dzinodiwa pamhando dzakasiyana dzekubuda kwemvura. Ingava kubuda kwemukati kana kubuda kwemvura kunze, zvinowanzo kukonzerwa nezvisimbiso zvakasakara, zvikanganiso zvekuisa, kupindirana kwema valvu disc, matambudziko ekurongedza ma valvu, kumanikidzwa/kupisa kwakanyanya, zvikanganiso zvekugadzira kana ngura. Njodzi yekubuda kwemvura yema valvu ema butterfly inogona kuderedzwa zvinobudirira kuburikidza nekusarudza zvine musoro, kuisa nemazvo, kugadzirisa nguva dzose uye kushanda zvakanaka. Kune mashandisirwo akakosha, vagadziri vema valvu kana mainjiniya esystem vanogona kuona kuti hapana kubuda kwemvura uye kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwesystem uye kushanda zvakanaka.