Mavharuvhu eshavishavi anoshandiswa kutanga, kumisa kana kudzora kufamba kwemvura kana magasi kuburikidza nemapaipi. Anowana zita rawo kubva padhisiki yakaita semapapiro inotenderera mukati memuviri wevharuvhu, yakafanana nekufamba kweshavishavi. Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzemavharuvhu eshavishavi, mavharuvhu eshavishavi ane simba guru (HPBV) uye mavharuvhu eshavishavi ane concentric ndiwo magadzirirwo maviri akajairika. Kuenzanisa uku kuchaparadzanisa musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri izvi kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kuti kujekese mabasa azvo mumaindasitiri nemakanzuru.
| Chinhu | Vharuvhu yeButterfly Yakakombama | Vharuvhu yeButterfly Yepamusoro-Kushanda |
| Dhizaini | Dumbu repakati nedhisiki | Chigadziko chekunze chine chigaro chesimbi |
| Chisimbiso Chekushandisa | Chigaro chakapfava che elastomeric | Chigaro cheRPTFE |
| Kuongororwa kweDzvinyiriro | Kusvika ku250 PSI | Kusvika ku600 PSI |
| Kuyera Tembiricha | Kusvika 180°C (356°F) | Kusvika 260°C (536°F) |
| Kupfeka & Kubvarura | Yakakwira nekuda kwekugunzva chigaro | Yakaderera nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwe offset |
| Kukodzera Kwekushandisa | Zvinwiwa zvine simba shoma | Mvura inodziya ine kumanikidzwa kuri pakati nepakati uye tembiricha yakakwira |
| Mutengo | Zasi | Yepamusoro |
1. Dhizaini neKuvaka
Musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pemavharuvhu eshavishavi ane concentric nemavharuvhu eshavishavi ane simba guru uri mumagadzirirwo azvo, kunyanya nzvimbo yesimbi yevharuvhu nedhisiki revharuvhu zvichienzaniswa nemuviri wevharuvhu nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa.
1.1 Mavharuvhu eBhabhatafurayi Akakombama
Dhizaini yacho inozivikanwa sevharuvhu ye "zero offset" kana kuti "resilient seat", ichibatanidza tsinde yevharuvhu nedhisiki revharuvhu zvakananga pakati pemuviri wevharuvhu nebore repaipi. Kurongeka uku kwepakati hakuna kutsauka.
1.1.1 Kufamba kweDisiki
Dhisiki iyi inotenderera 90° yakatenderedza axis ye valvu stem, uye inofamba kubva pakuvhurika zvizere (zvakafanana nepaipi) kusvika pakuvharika zvizere (zvakatarisana nepaipi) mukati mekufamba kwayo.
1.1.2 Nzira yekuvhara
Chisimbiso ichi chinowanikwa nekupindirana pakati pemucheto wedhisiki revharuvhu nechigaro chevharuvhu chakasimba chakaita serabha (senge EPDM, acrylic kana fluororubber) chiri mukati memuviri wevharuvhu.
1.1.3 Zvinhu
Muviri wevharuvhu unowanzo gadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasimba uye zvinodzivirira ngura zvakaita sesimbi yakakandwa, simbi ine ductile kana simbi isina ngura kuti zvisanyanya kuoma, nekuti chigaro chevharuvhu cherabha chinodzivirira kusangana kwemvura nemuviri wevharuvhu.
Dhisiki iyi inogona kunge iri simbi isina ngura, bhuronzi realuminium, simbi yakaputirwa, kana kuti yakafukidzwa nesimbi, zvichienderana nekuti mvura yacho inoora sei.
1.2 Mavharuvhu eBhabhatafurai Anoshanda Zvakanyanya
Kazhinji dhizaini yekubvisa kaviri ine makiyi maviri ekubvisa:
Hunde yacho iri kuseri kwedhisiki kwete nepakati pedhisiki, uye
Kuungana kwedhisiki netsinde zvakabviswa kubva pakati pebhore repombi.
Dzimwe shanduro dzepamusoro dzinosanganisira triple offsets, asi double offset ndiyo yakajairika pamamodeli ane mashandiro epamusoro.
1.2.1 Kufamba kweDisiki
Nekuda kwe offset, dhisiki rinotenderera secam, zvichideredza kusangana nechigaro.
1.2.2 Nzira yekuvhara
Chigaro ichi chakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasimba, zvakaita seTeflon yakasimbiswa, kuti ikwanise kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha. Kusiyana nechigaro cherabha chiri muvharuvhu yakakombama, chisimbiso chacho chakasimba uye hachina kunyanya kutsamira pakukanganisika.
1.2.3 Zvinhu
Muviri nedhisiki zvakagadzirwa nesimbi dzakasimba, dzakadai sesimbi isingatsvi, simbi yekabhoni, kana alloys, kuti dzikwanise kutsungirira mamiriro akaomarara.
1.3 Pfupiso: Zvinorehwa Nekugadzira
Kureruka kwevharuvhu inotenderera kunoita kuti ive yakareruka uye diki, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kuiswa zvakananga. Zvisinei, kuvimba kwayo nechigaro cherabha chinoshanduka kunoita kuti isakwanise kuchinjika.
Dhizaini ye offset uye zvinhu zvakasimba zvemavharuvhu anoshanda zvakanaka zvinowedzera kugara kwawo kwenguva refu uye kuchinjika, asi nekuda kwekuwedzera kuomarara uye huremu.
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2. Kugona Kushanda
Mashandiro emagetsi ndiwo anonyanya kuchinja-chinja pamavharuvhu aya uye ndiwo anonyanya kukoshesa uye anofarirwa nevashandisi. Zvikuru, anoongororwa maererano nekumanikidzwa, tembiricha, kushanda kweseal uye hupenyu hwebasa.
2.1 Mavharuvhu eBhabhatafurayi Akakombama
2.1.1 Kuyera Kumanikidzwa
Mavharuvhu eshavishavi akakombama anogona kumira kumanikidzwa kusvika kuPN16, asi izvi zvinosiyana zvichienderana nehukuru uye zvinhu. Pamusoro pekumanikidzwa uku, chigaro cherabha chinogona kukanganisika kana kutadza kushanda.
2.1.2 Kuyera Tembiricha
Tembiricha yepamusoro i356°F (180°C), inoganhurirwa nemiganhu yekupisa yechigaro cherabha kana chePTFE. Tembiricha yepamusoro inoderedza mashandiro e elastomer uye inokanganisa kuvharwa kwechinhu.
2.1.3 Kushanda kwekuvhara
Inogona kuvhara zvakavimbika mumasisitimu ane kumanikidzwa kwakaderera, asi kukweshana kuripo pakati pedhisiki revharuvhu nechigaro chevharuvhu kunokonzera kusakara, izvo zvinoderedza kushanda zvakanaka.
2.1.4 Kukwenya
Sezvo mavharuvhu ebhururu akakodzera kuvhurwa nekuvharwa zvizere, kana akashandiswa kudzora kuyerera kwemvura, kutenderera kwenguva refu kuchaita kuti chigaro chevharuvhu chikurumidze kupera, zvichiita kuti chisanyatsoita nemazvo uye chigare kwenguva refu.
2.1.5 Kugara kwenguva refu
Zvigaro zvemavharuvhu zvine simba, zvesimbi kana kuti zvakasimbiswa zvinogara kwenguva refu kupfuura rabha. Dhizaini yacho inowedzera hupenyu hwekushanda nekuderedza kukweshana.
2.2 Vharuvhu yeshavishavi inoshanda zvakanyanya
2.2.1 Kuyera kumanikidzwa
Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakasimba uye dhizaini yekunze inoderedza kushushikana pachigaro chevharuvhu, inogona kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kusvika kuPN16.
2.2.2 Chiyero chekupisa
Sezvo chigaro chevharuvhu chichishandisa RPTFE, chinogona kushanda zvinobudirira patembiricha inosvika 536°F (280°C).
2.2.3 Kushanda kwekuvhara
Nekuda kwekubatana kwakakodzera kwedhisiki revharuvhu re offset uye chigaro chevharuvhu chakasimba, kubuda kwemvura kwacho kunenge kusiri kwe zero uye kazhinji kunenge kuri pedyo nekuvharika kwemhepo. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa kwakakosha.
2.2.4 Kukwenya
Mavakirwo nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumavharuvhu eshavishavi anoshanda zvakanaka zvinovabatsira kudzora kufamba kwemvura kunyangwe kana paine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Kusabatana kwechigaro kunoderedza kupera simba uye kunochengetedza kusimba kwechisimbiso pakufamba kwenguva dzakawanda.
2.2.5 Kugara kwenguva refu
Zvigaro zvesimbi kana kuti zvakasimbiswa zvakasimba zvinogara kwenguva refu kupfuura rabha. Dhizaini yacho inowedzera hupenyu hwekushanda nekuderedza kukweshana.
2.3 Pfupiso: Zvinonyanya Kukosha Pakuita
Mavharuvhu akasimba akakodzera mamiriro ekunze asina kumanikidzwa zvakanyanya, asi anokundikana kana paine kumanikidzwa kuri pakati nepakati uye kwakanyanya.
Mavharuvhu anoshanda zvakanaka anopa kuvimbika kwakanyanya uye hupenyu hwebasa pamutengo wakakwira wekutanga.
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3. Mashandisirwo
Sarudzo pakati pemavharuvhu ebhatafurayi epakati neanoshanda zvakanyanya inoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvesystem yaakaiswa.
3.1 Mavharuvhu eBhabhatafurayi Akakombama
Kune masisitimu ekumanikidzwa/tembiricha yakaderera kusvika pakati nepakati uko mari uye nyore zviri zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosheswa.
Mashandisirwo Akajairika:
- Mvura neMarara: Mapombi emvura emaguta, madiridziro uye masisitimu etsvina anobatsirwa nehupfumi hwawo uye kuparadzaniswa kwemvura.
- Chikafu uye Mishonga: Zvigaro zverabha zvinodzivirira mvura inononoka kuti isasvibiswe nemuviri wevharuvhu.
- Kuwanikwa kweGasi: Mitsetse yegesi ine simba shoma inoishandisa kudzora kuvhura/kudzima.
- Dziviriro pamoto: Masisitimu ekupfapfaidza anoshandisa mukana wekushanda kwayo nekukurumidza uye kuvimbika pakumanikidzwa kuri pakati nepakati.
- Steam Inopisa Pasina Kumanikidzwa: Yekuputira kusvika ku250 PSI uye 350°F.
3.2 Mavharuvhu eBhabhatafurai Anoshanda Zvakanyanya
Kune madhigirii ari pakati nepakati kana masisitimu akakosha anoda kunyatsorongeka uye kugara kwenguva refu.
Mashandisirwo Akajairika:
- Oiri neGasi: Inobata makemikari akaomarara, makemikari epetrochemical, uye mamiriro ekunze ane kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye mvura inoparadza.
- Kugadzira Simba: Kunotarisira utsi hwemhepo ine simba guru uye mvura inotonhodza mumaturbine nemaboiler.
- Kugadziriswa Kwemakemikari: Inodzivirira mvura inoparadza uye inochengetedza dziviriro yakasimba munzvimbo dzine mhepo inodziya.
- HVAC: Kune masisitimu makuru anoda kudzorwa kwemvura nemazvo.
- Kuvaka ngarava: Inotsungirira mamiriro egungwa uye kutarisirwa kwemvura ine simba guru.
3.3 Kupindirana kweMashandisirwo uye Kusiyana
Kunyange zvazvo mavharuvhu ese ari maviri achidzora kuyerera kwemvura, mavharuvhu akasimba anotonga munzvimbo dzisinganyanyi kudhura, asi mavharuvhu anoshanda zvakanyanya anofarirwa kushandiswa mumaindasitiri uko kutadza kushanda kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba.
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4. Zvaunofanira Kufunga Nezvekushanda
Kuwedzera pakugadzira nekushandisa, zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakaita sekuisirwa, kugadziriswa, uye kubatanidzwa kwehurongwa hwekugadzirisa zvinhu zvine basawo.
4.1 Kuiswa
- Concentric: Kuisa kuri nyore nekuda kwehuremu hwayo hwakareruka uye kushandirana kwayo kuri nyore.
- Kushanda kwepamusoro: Kurongeka kwakanyatsojeka kunodiwa nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwe offset, uye huremu hwayo hunoda rutsigiro rwakasimba.
4.2 Kugadzirisa
- Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvine chekuita nerabha: Kugadzirisa zvinhu kunotarisa pakutsiva chigaro cherabha, inova nzira yekugadzirisa inokurumidza uye isingadhuri. Zvisinei, kupfeka nguva nenguva kunogona kuwedzera nguva yekushanda muhurongwa hwemagetsi.
- Kushanda zvakanaka: Kugadzirisa hakuwanzoitiki nekuda kwechigaro chakasimba, asi kugadzirisa (semuenzaniso, kutsiva chigaro) kunodhura uye kunoda hunyanzvi, kazhinji kunoda vashandi vehunyanzvi vekugadzirisa vane maturusi akakosha.
4.3 Kuderera kweDzvinyiriro
- Concentric: Madhisiki ari pakati anokonzera kusagadzikana kwakanyanya kana akavhurika zvishoma, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka mukushandisa throttling.
- Kushanda Kwakanyanya: Offset discs inovandudza hunhu hwekuyerera kwemhepo, ichideredza cavitation uye kuderera kwekumanikidzwa, kunyanya pakumhanya kwakanyanya.
4.4 Kushanda kwemabasa
Mavharuvhu ese ari maviri anogona kushandiswa nemagetsi, pneumatic, kana emagetsi, asi mavharuvhu anoshanda zvakanyanya anowanzo batanidzwa nemidziyo yepamusoro yekuzvigadzirisa chaiyo munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri.
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5. Kuongorora Mutengo uye Kutenderera Kwehupenyu
5.1 Mutengo wekutanga
Mavharuvhu akasimba akachipa zvikuru nekuti ari nyore kuvaka uye haashandise zvinhu zvakawanda. Izvi hazvina kudaro nemavharuvhu eshavishavi anoshanda zvakanaka.
5.2 Mutengo weKutenderera Kwehupenyu
Mavharuvhu anoshanda zvakanaka anowanzo chengetedza mari nekufamba kwenguva nekuti haawanzo gadziriswa kana kutsiviwa. Mumasystem akakosha, kuvimbika kwawo kunogonawo kuderedza mari inoshandiswa panguva yekusashanda.
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6. Mhedziso: Pfupiso yeZvakanakira neZvakaipa
6.1 Vharuvhu yeBhatafurayi Yakakombama
6.1.1 Zvakanakira:
- Kushanda zvakanaka kwemari: Kuderera kwemitengo yekugadzira uye yezvinhu zvinopa mukana wekushandisa mari shoma.
- Dhizaini iri nyore: Zviri nyore kuisa, kushandisa, uye kugadzirisa, uye zvikamu zvishoma zvinofamba.
- Kuparadzaniswa Kwemvura: Zvigaro zverabha zvinodzivirira muviri wevharuvhu, zvichibvumira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakachipa uye kuchengetedza kuchena kwemvura.
- Huremu hwakareruka: Yakanakira kushandiswa kana paine dambudziko rehuremu.
6.1.2 Zvakashata:
- Nzvimbo shoma: Miganhu yepamusoro ndeye 250 PSI uye 356°F, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwayo mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
- Inogona kupfekwa: Kukweshana kwechigaro nguva dzose kunogona kukonzera kusashanda zvakanaka, zvichida kugadziriswa nguva nenguva.
- Kushanda zvisina kunaka pakukwesha simbi zvine simba: Zvinorasikirwa nekunyatsojeka uye kuvharwa kana zvamanikidzwa.
6.2 Mavharuvhu eBhabhatafurai Anoshanda Zvakanyanya
6.2.1 Zvakanakira:
- Kukwanisa Kwakakwirira: Inogona kubata kumanikidzwa kuri pakati nepakati kusvika kwepamusoro (kusvika 600 PSI) uye tembiricha (kusvika 536°F).
- Nguva Yekushanda Nguva Refu: Kusashanda zvakanaka kwezvigaro uye zvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu zvinowedzera nguva yebasa.
- Kunyatsogadzirisa: Kukwanisa kudzima kana kudzima mota zvakanaka kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara.
- Kuchinja-chinja: Yakakodzera kushandiswa kwemvura yakasiyana-siyana uye nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana.
6.2.2 Zvakashata:
- Mutengo Wakakwira: Zvinhu zvinodhura uye dhizaini yakaoma zvinowedzera mari yekutanga.
- Kuomarara: Kuisa nekugadzirisa kunoda hunyanzvi hwakawanda.
- Kurema: Kuvaka kwakakura kunogona kuita kuti kugadzirisa mamwe masisitimu kuve kwakaoma.
Mavharuvhu emabhatafura ane concentric nemavharuvhu emabhatafura ane performance high-performance anoshanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana asi dzakasiyana mukudzora mvura. Dhizaini yechigaro cherabha chevharuvhu ine concentric inoita kuti ive sarudzo inoshanda uye inodhura zvishoma yekushandisa zvine mwero senge mvura, kugadzira chikafu kana kudzivirira moto. Kana kushanda nesimba uye kusimba zvisingagoneke, saka vharuvhu yemabhatafura ine performance high-performance ndiyo mhinduro. Kune mashandisirwo akavigwa (senge mapaipi epasi pevhu), nzira dzese dziri mbiri dzinogona kushandiswa, asi huremu hwakareruka uye mutengo wakaderera wevharuvhu ine concentric zvinowanzo shandiswa kunze kwekunge mamiriro akanyanya achida zvimwe.