Chigaro chevharuvhu rebhatafurayi chinhu chinovhara mukati mevharuvhu rebhatafurayi. Basa rayo guru nderekubata ndiro yebhatafurayi (dhisiki revharuvhu) uye kugadzira nzvimbo yekuvhara kana vharuvhu yavharwa kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura pakati nepakati. Kunyanya,chigaro chevharuvhu yeshavishaviinogona kuiswa pamadziro emukati memuviri wevharuvhu kana kugadzirwa kuti ibatanidzwe nepuratifomu yebhatafurayi, ichivimba nezvinhu zvayo uye chimiro chayo kuti iwane mugumisiro wakanaka wekuvharwa.
1. Kutangisa kweChigaro cheVhubhubhu yeBhatafurayi
1. 1 Kupatsanura zvinhu nekushandisa
A. Chigaro chevharuvhu chakapfava chepurasitiki
Kazhinji zvinoreva zvinhu zvakaita serabha, silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Zvakanakira: kushanda zvakanaka kwekuvhara, kupindura nekukurumidza, kwakakodzera tembiricha yakaderera, kumanikidzwa kwakaderera uye ngura shoma (kunze kwePTFE).
Zvakashata: kusasimba kwekupfeka zvakanaka, hupenyu hwebasa hunogumira pakukwegura kwezvinhu.
B. Chigaro chevharuvhu chesimbi
Yakagadzirwa nesimbi isina ngura, simbi yekabhoni kana zvimwe zvinhu zvesimbi.
Zvakanakira: kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya, kuramba kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kuramba kupfeka kwakasimba, zvakakodzera mamiriro ekushanda akaomarara.
Zvakashata: zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekusunga simbi kubva pasimbi kuenda pasimbi, kunyatsogadzirisa kwakasimba uye zvinodiwa pakuiisa.
C. Chigaro chevharuvhu chakasanganiswa
Inosanganisa zvakanakira simbi nezvinhu zvakapfava, kazhinji ichifukidza chimiro chesimbi nezvinhu zvinonamira zvakaita segraphite.
Hazvigone kungovimbisa kushanda zvakanaka kwechisimbiso chete, asiwo zvinovandudza kuramba kwekupfekwa uye hupenyu hwebasa.
1.2. Kupatsanurwa nechimiro chechimiro
A. Chigaro chakaoma chekumashure
Chigaro chevharuvhu neshure zvakagadzirwa zvakabatana, zvine chimiro chakareruka, uye nzvimbo yekuvhara inoenderana zvakanaka nemuviri wevharuvhu.
Dambudziko reizvichigaro chevharuvhu chakaoma chekumashurendeyekuti kana chigaro chevharuvhu chapera kana kuti chakwegura, vharuvhu yese yeshavishavi inofanira kugurwa kuti itsiviwe.
B. Chigaro chakapfava chinobviswa
Iyochigaro chevharuvhu chakapfavainoshandisa dhizaini yemuswe wedhove uye inogona kupatsanurwa nekutsiviwa yoga.
Chakanakira ndechekuti zviri nyore kuchengetedza uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwevharuvhu remashavishavi rose.
1.3. Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwakakosha
A. Vharuvhu yeshavishavi ine eccentric mbiri
Purati yeshavishavi inofamba nemaeka maviri asina kusimba kana yakavharwa kuderedza kukweshana kwechigaro chevharuvhu.
Zvakanakira zvacho ikusakara kwakanyanya, kugara kwenguva refu kwechigaro chevharuvhu, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwechisimbiso.
B. Vharuvhu yeshavishavi ine eccentric katatu
Dhizaini yakawedzerwa yakavakirwa pakusiyana kaviri inoita kuti chigaro chepuratifomu yeshavishavi nevharuvhu yesimbi zvikwanise kubata simbi nesimbi nemazvo.
Inogona kuwana mhedzisiro yekudonha kwemvura zvachose uye yakakodzera mamiriro ekushanda anodiwa zvakanyanya (senge tembiricha yakakwira uye media ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya).
Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigaro zvevharuvhu dzine hunhu hwakasiyana hwemuviri nehwemakemikari uye dzakakodzera mamiriro akasiyana ekushanda. Muchinyorwa chino, tinonyanya kudzidza nekuenzanisa mhando huru, mashandiro uye mashandisirwo ezvigaro zvevharuvhu zvinopfava.
Zvigaro zve elastic valve zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamusika ndeizvi: NBR, EPDM, VITON (FKM), natural rabber (NR), silicone (Silicone Rabber), polyurethane (PU), hydrogenated nitrile rabber (HNBR), HYPALON (CSM), PTFE:
2. Kuenzanisa kweZvivako zveValve Seat Material
| Zvinhu | NBR (Rabha reNitrile) | EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rabha) | VITON (FKM/Fluorocarbon Rabha) | NR (Rabha Yechisikigo) | Rabha reSilicone | PU (Polyurethane) | HNBR (Rabha yeHydrogenated Nitrile) | HYPALON (CSM/Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rabber) | PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene, Teflon) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuramba Mafuta | Zvakanakisa | Murombo | Yakanaka (inodzivirira mafuta nemakemikari) | Murombo | Murombo | Zviri pakati nepakati | Yakanaka kwazvo (inodzivirira mafuta, mafuta, uye mafuta ekuzora) | Zviri pakati nepakati | Yakanaka kwazvo (yakanakisisa kuramba makemikari) |
| Kuramba Makemikari | Zviri pakati nepakati, zvinoramba maasidhi akapfava uye mabhesi | Yakanaka kwazvo (inodzivirira maasidhi, mabhesi, uye maoxidizer) | Yakanaka kwazvo (inodzivirira maasidhi, mabhesi, zvinonyungudutsa organic) | Zviri pakati nepakati | Yakanaka kwazvo (inodzivirira maoxidizer, haina chepfu) | Zviri pakati nepakati | Yakanaka (inodzivirira maasidhi nemabhesi akapfava) | Yakanaka kwazvo (inodzivirira maasidhi, mabhesi, uye maoxidizer) | Yakanaka kwazvo (inodzivirira makemikari ese) |
| Kureba kweTembiricha (°C) | -30 ~ 100 | -40 ~ 120 (kusvika ku150 kwenguva pfupi) | -20 ~ 200 | -50 ~ 70 | -60 ~ 230 | -30 ~ 80 | -40 ~ 150 | -40 ~ 130 | -200 ~ 260 |
| Kuramba Kupfeka | Kugona | Zviri pakati nepakati | Kugona | Yakanaka kwazvo (inodzivirira kupfeka zvakanyanya) | Zviri pakati nepakati | Yakanaka kwazvo (yakanakisisa kuramba kupfeka) | Zvakanakisa | Kugona | Zvisina kunaka (zvinopera nyore nyore) |
| Kuramba Mvura | Zviri pakati nepakati | Yakanaka kwazvo (yakakodzera mvura inopisa uye utsi) | Zviri pakati nepakati | Kugona | Yakanakisa (yemhando yechikafu) | Zviri pakati nepakati | Kugona | Zvakanakisa | Yakanaka kwazvo (inodzivirira mvura) |
| Kuramba Mamiriro Ekunze (UV/Ozone) | Murombo (kukwegura zviri nyore) | Yakanaka kwazvo (kupikisa mamiriro ekunze akaoma) | Kugona | Zviri pakati nepakati | Yakanaka kwazvo (kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa) | Zviri pakati nepakati | Yakanaka kwazvo (kupikisa mamiriro ekunze akaoma) | Yakanakisa (kupikisa mamiriro ekunze kwakanyanya) | Yakanaka kwazvo (kuramba kusviba neUV uye kukwegura) |
| Kuchinjika | Kugona | Zvakanakisa | Zviri pakati nepakati | Zvakanakisa | Zvakanakisa | Kugona | Zvakanakisa | Kugona | Kuoma (kukweshana kwakaderera) |
| Zvikumbiro Zvikuru | Mafuta, mafuta ekuzora, masisitimu emafuta ehydraulic, zvisimbiso zveindasitiri | Masisitimu emvura uye ekudhonza mvura, mapaipi emakemikari, masisitimu emhepo, zvishandiso zvekunze | Mashandisirwo emakemikari anodziya zvakanyanya, masisitimu emafuta, ndege, makemikari epetrochemicals | Migodhi, michina isingapfeki, machira emakanika | Chikafu, mishonga, kuvhara zvemagetsi, kushandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kwakaderera | Kuvhara michina, michina isingapfeki, migodhi, masisitimu ehydraulic | Makemikoro ePetrokemikari, indasitiri yemotokari, zvisimbiso zvemafuta zvinopisa zvakanyanya | Indasitiri yemakemikari, nharaunda dzinoparadza, midziyo yekunze, chisimbiso chinodzivirira ozone | Makemikari akasimba anoparadza, mishonga, chisimbiso chemhando yepamusoro chekudya, chisimbiso chekupisa kwakanyanya |
3. Mamiriro Ekushanda Akakodzera Ezvinhu Zvechigaro Chemavharuvhu
| Zvinhu | Kuramba Mafuta/Mafuta | Kuramba kweAcid/Base | Kuramba Kupisa Kwakanyanya | Kuramba Kupisa Kwakaderera | Kuramba Mvura | Kuramba Kupfeka | Kuramba Mamiriro Ekunze (Kunze, Ozone) | Giredhi reChikafu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NBR | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| EPDM | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
| VITON | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| NR | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Silicone | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
| PU | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| HNBR | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| HYPALON | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| PTFE | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
4. Mazano ekusarudza zvinhu
· Yekushandisa mafuta, mafuta, kana hydraulic oil→ NBR, HNBR, VITON
· Kudzivirira acid/base uye makemikari → EPDM, HYPALON, VITON, PTFE
· Kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya (>150°C)→ VITON, Silicone, HYPALON, PTFE
· Zvekushandisa pakupisa kwakaderera (<-40°C)→ NR, Silicone, PTFE
· Kudzivirira kupfeka zvakanyanya uye kukwesha (kuchera, michina)→ NR, PU, HNBR
· Yekushandisa mvura yekunwa uye yemhando yepamusoro yechikafu→ EPDM, Silicone, PTFE
· Yekudzivirira kunze uye ozone → EPDM, HYPALON, Silicone, PTFE
5. Mhedziso
· NBR (Nitrile Rubber): Yakanakira kushandiswa kwemafuta akadai semafuta, mafuta ehydraulic, asi isingakodzeri kupisa kwakanyanya uye acids/bases.
· EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Rubber): Yakanakira kurapwa nemvura, makemikari, uye masisitimu emhepo; inotsungirira mamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya asi haipindi mafuta.
· VITON (Fluorocarbon Rabber): Yakanakira tembiricha yepamusoro, maasidhi/mabhesi akasimba, uye mashandisirwo emafuta.
· NR (Rabha Yechisikigo): Inodzivirira kukwesha kwepamusoro, inoshandiswa mumigodhi nemumichina asi haidziviriri makemikari.
· Rabha reSilicone: Rakanakira tembiricha yepamusoro/yakaderera, kushandiswa kwakachengeteka kwechikafu, asi harina simba rekudzivirira kupfekwa.
· PU (Polyurethane): Yakanakira kudzivirira kupfekwa zvakanyanya, inoshandiswa muzvisimbiso zve hydraulic uye mumigodhi.
· HNBR (Hydrogenated Nitrile Rabber): Iri nani pane NBR mukushandiswa kwekupisa kwakanyanya uye kusakara, inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri epetrochemical.
· HYPALON (CSM/Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber): Yakanakira kudzivirira acid/base resistance uye mamiriro ekunze, yakanakira kuchengetedza makemikari ne ozone resistance.
· PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene): Inodzivirira makemikari zvakanyanya, yakakodzera tembiricha yakakwira, nharaunda dzine ngura, uye kugadzirwa kwechikafu.