1. Chii chinonzi vharuvhu yeshavishavi inopfungaira nemhepo?
A vharuvhu yeshavishavi yemhepoivharuvhu inotenderera kwekota inoshandiswa kudzora kana kuparadzanisa kuyerera kwemvura mupaipi. Ine dhisiki rakatenderera (rinowanzonzi "dhisiki") rakaiswa padanda, iro rinotenderera mukati memuviri wevharuvhu. "Pneumatic" zvinoreva mashandiro ekufambisa, anoshandisa mweya wakamanikidzwa kushanda vharuvhu, zvichigonesa kudzora kuri kure kana otomatiki.
Vharuvhu yeshavishavi inopfungaira inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha: actuator yemhepo uye vharuvhu yeshavishavi.
· Muviri wevharuvhu reshavishavi: Une muviri wevharuvhu, dhisiki (dhisiki), hunde, uye chigaro. Dhisiki rinotenderera hunde kuti rivhure nekuvhara vharuvhu.
· Pneumatic actuator: Inoshandisa mhepo yakamanikidzwa senzvimbo yemagetsi, ichifambisa piston kana vane kuti iite kufamba kwakatwasuka kana kutenderera.
Zvikamu Zvikuru
*Vharuvhuti yeBhatafurayi:
- Muviri weVharuvhu: Imba inochengetera dhisiki uye inobatanidza nepaipi.
- Disiki (dhisiki): Ndiro yakati sandara kana kuti yakasimudzwa zvishoma inodzora kuyerera kwemvura. Kana yakabatwa yakatarisana negwara rekuyerera kwemvura, vharuvhu inovhurika; kana yakabatwa yakatwasuka, inovhara.
- Hunde: Tsvimbo yakabatana nedhisiki inotumira simba rekutenderera kubva kuactuator.
- Zvisimbiso nezvigaro: Iva nechokwadi chekuti zvakavharwa zvakasimba uye kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura.
*Muchina wekugadzirisa
- Pneumatic actuator: Kazhinji piston kana diaphragm, inoshandura kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kuita kufamba kwemuchina. Inogona kushanda kaviri (kumanikidzwa kwemhepo pakuvhura nekuvhara) kana kushanda kamwe chete (mhepo yekuenda kumwe, chitubu chekudzoka).
2. Nheyo yekushanda
Kushanda kwevharuvhu rebhururu rinofamba nemhepo chaizvoizvo inzira yakasungwa necheni ye "kumanikidzwa kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa"→kushanda kweactuator→kutenderera kwediski kudzora kuyerera." Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, simba remhepo (mhepo yakamanikidzwa) rinoshandurwa kuita kufamba kwemuchina kunotenderera kuti diski igare.
2.1. Maitiro Ekushanda:
- Mhepo yakamanikidzwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekunze (senge compressor kana control system) inopihwa kune actuator yepneumatic.
- Muchishandiso chemagetsi chinoshanda kaviri, mweya unopinda muchiteshi chimwe chete kuti uchitenderedze tsinde yevharuvhu uchitenderera wachi (kureva, kuvhura vharuvhu), uye unopinda mune chimwe chiteshi kuti uchitenderedze uchitenderera wachi. Izvi zvinogadzira kufamba kwakatwasuka mupiston kana diaphragm, iyo inoshandurwa kuita kutenderera kwemadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe nehafu ne rack-and-pinion kana Scotch-yoke mechanism.
- Muchishandiso chemagetsi chinoshanda kamwe chete, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunosundira piston pachitubu kuti ivhure vharuvhu, uye kuburitsa mhepo kunobvumira chitubu kuti chivhare chega (dhizaini isingakanganise).
2.2. Kushanda kweVharuvhu:
- Sezvo actuator ichitenderera tsinde yevharuvhu, dhisiki inotenderera mukati memuviri wevharuvhu.
- Nzvimbo Yakavhurika: Dhisiki iri rakafanana negwara rekuyerera, zvichideredza kuramba uye zvichibvumira kuyerera kwakazara nepaipi. - Nzvimbo yakavharwa: Dhisiki iri rinotenderera nemadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe, rakatarisa kuyerera, richivhara nzira uye richivhara chigaro.
- Nzvimbo yepakati inogona kutenderedza mafambiro emhepo, kunyangwe mavharuvhu emapuruguru akakodzera kushandiswa pakushanda pane kudzorwa kwakanyatsojeka nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hwekuyerera husina kurongeka.
2.3. Kudzora uye Mhinduro:
- Chishandiso ichi chinowanzo batanidzwa nevharuvhu yesolenoid kana positioner kuti chidzore nemasaini emagetsi.
- Sensor inogona kupa mhinduro yenzvimbo yevharuvhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda zvakavimbika mumasisitimu ega.
3. Kutamba Mumwe Chete uye Kutamba Kaviri
3.1 Actuator Inoshanda Kaviri (Hapana Kudzoka Kwechirimo)
Chinofambisa mhepo chine makamuri maviri episton anopikisana. Mhepo yakamanikidzwa inodzorwa nevharuvhu yesolenoid, ichichinjana pakati pemakamuri "ekuvhura" ne "ekuvhara":
Kana mweya wakamanikidzwa uchipinda mukamuri "rekuvhura", unosunda piston, zvichiita kuti tsinde yevharuvhu itenderere newachi (kana kuti itenderere newachi, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwayo), iyo inozotenderedza dhisiki kuti ivhure pombi.
Kana mweya wakamanikidzwa ukapinda mukamuri "rekuvhara", unosundira piston kune rimwe divi, zvichiita kuti tsinde yevharuvhu itenderere dhisiki nenzira yewachi, ichivhara pombi. Zvinhu: Kana mweya wakamanikidzwa warasika, dhisiki inoramba iri panzvimbo yayo yazvino ("yakachengeteka").
3.2 Actuator Inoshanda Kamwe Chete (ine Spring Return)
Chinofambisa mhepo chine kamuri rimwe chete rinopinza mweya, rine chitubu chekudzokera kune rimwe divi:
Kana mhepo ichiyerera: Mhepo yakamanikidzwa inopinda mukamuri rekupinda, ichikunda simba rechitubu rekusunda piston, zvichiita kuti dhisiki itenderere kunzvimbo "yakavhurika" kana "yakavharwa";
Kana mweya warasika: Simba rechitubu rinoburitswa, richisundira piston kumashure, zvichiita kuti dhisiki idzokere panzvimbo yayakagara yagadzirwa (kazhinji "yakavharwa", asi inogonawo kugadzirwa kuti ive "yakavhurika").
Zvinhu Zvine Chekuita: Ine basa rekuti "haikanganisike" uye yakakodzera kushandiswa muzvinhu zvinoda matanho ekuchengetedza, akadai seaya anosanganisira zvinhu zvinobvira moto, zvinoputika, uye zvine chepfu.
4. Zvakanakira
Mavharuvhu eshavishavi epneumaticdzakakodzera kushanda nekukurumidza, dzinowanzo da kutenderera kwekota chete, zvichiita kuti dzikwanise kushandiswa mumaindasitiri akadai sekuchenesa mvura, HVAC, uye kugadzirisa makemikari.
- Nguva yekupindura nekukurumidza nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemhepo.
- Kugadzirisa kwakaderera uye kuri nyore kana tichienzanisa nemagetsi kana hydraulic.
- Dhizaini diki uye yakareruka.