Mavharuvhu eshavishavidziripo munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana mumaindasitiri uye chinhu chakakosha mukudzora kufamba kwemvura dzakasiyana-siyana mumapaipi. Chinhu chikuru chekufunga nezvacho pakusarudza nekushandisa vharuvhu yebhatafurayi ndechekuyera kwayo kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Kunzwisisa chiyero ichi kwakakosha pakuona kuti masisitimu emvura anoshanda zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora pfungwa yehuwandu hwepamusoro hwekumanikidzwa hunogona kutsungirira vharuvhu remapuruguru, uye tichadzidza kukanganiswa kwekumanikidzwa kwakayerwa kubva pazvinhu zvakaita sekugadzirwa kwevharuvhu remapuruguru, zvinhu, kuvhara, nezvimwewo.
Chii chinonzi kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya?
Kuyera kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwevharuvhu remashavishavi kunoreva kuyera kumanikidzwa kukuru uko vharuvhu remashavishavi rinogona kushanda zvakachengeteka pasina kukanganisa kana kukanganisa mashandiro. Zvinotevera zvinhu zvakawanda zvinosarudza kuyera kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwevharuvhu remashavishavi.
1. Zvinhu zvevharuvhu yeshavishavi
Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira muviri wevharuvhu, ndiro yevharuvhu, hunde yevharuvhu uye chigaro chevharuvhu ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru pakuona chiyero chekumanikidzwa kwevharuvhu yeshavivhuru. Zvinhu zvine simba guru rekudhonza, kuramba ngura uye kugadzikana kwekupisa zvinogona kumira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, mavharuvhu eshavivhuru esimbi isina ngura anogona kumira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya nekuda kwekudzivirira kwavo ngura uye kusimba kwavo.
Iyochigaro chevharuvhuchisimbiso chezvinhuzvichakanganisawo kugona kwevharuvhu remapuruguru kubata kumanikidzwa. Semuenzaniso, EPDM, NBR, nezvimwewo zvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa seringi yerabha, asi kugona kwadzo kubata kumanikidzwa kwakadzikira. Kune mashandisirwo anodiwa kuti akwanise kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakakwira, zvimwe zvinhu zvinodzivirira kumanikidzwa zvinogona kusarudzwa.
2. Chimiro chevharuvhu reshavishavi
Maumbirwo evharuvhu remashavi ndeimwe chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kumanikidzwa kwevharuvhu remashavi. Semuenzaniso, vharuvhu remashavi repakati rinowanzo shandiswa mumasisitimu ane kumanikidzwa kwakaderera, kureva PN6-PN25. Dhizaini yevharuvhu remashavi remashavi rine mativi maviri inovandudza mashandiro ekuvhara nekushandura maumbirwo eplate yemashavi nechigaro chevharuvhu kuti ikwanise kumirisana nekumanikidzwa kukuru.
3. Ukobvu hwemadziro emuviri wevharuvhu yeshavishavi
Pane hukama hwakaenzana pakati pehukuru hwemadziro emuviri wevharuvhu nekumanikidzwa. Kazhinji kana kumanikidzwa kwevharuvhu kuchikwira, muviri wevharuvhu yemashavibhuruvhu wakakora kuti ugone kutakura simba rinobuda kana kumanikidzwa kwemvura kwawedzera.
4. Maitiro ekugadzira mavharuvhu eshavishavi
Maitiro ekugadzira vharuvhu remapuruguru anoratidza kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwarinogona kutsungirira. Mavharuvhu emapuruguru anogadzirwa zvichienderana neAPI (American Petroleum Institute), ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), ISO (International Organization for Standardization) nedzimwe mitemo yeindasitiri, uye anoongororwa zvakasimba kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti vharuvhu remapuruguru rinosangana nedanho rekumanikidzwa rakatarwa.
Mavharuvhu eButterfly Akanaka Here Pakumanikidzwa Kwakanyanya?
Mavharuvhu eshavishavi anogona kukamurwa kuita mavharuvhu eshavishavi evacuum, mavharuvhu eshavishavi ane pressure yakaderera, mavharuvhu eshavishavi ane pressure yepakati, uye mavharuvhu eshavishavi ane pressure yakakwira zvichienderana nekumanikidzwa kwemazita.
1). Vharuvhu yebhatafurayi inobvisa mhepo—vharuvhu yebhatafurayi ine kumanikidzwa kushanda kwakaderera pane kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakajairwa.
2).Shashavishavi ine simba shomavharuvhu—vharuvhu yemashavishavi ine kumanikidzwa kwePN kushoma pane 1.6MPa.
3). Vharuvhu yeshavishavi ine simba repakati nepakati—vharuvhu yeshavishavi ine simba repamusoro PN 2.5~6.4MPa.
4). Vharuvhu yeshavishavi ine simba guru—vharuvhu yeshavishavi ine simba repamusoro PN10.0~80.0MPa.
Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwevharuvhu remashavishavi kwakafanana nekushomeka kweplate yebhaketi. Kugona kwemvura kunoenderana neplate pfupi. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitikawo kune kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwevharuvhu remashavishavi.
Saka tingaziva sei chiyero chepamusoro chekumanikidzwa?
Maitiro ekuona chiyero chepamusoro chevharuvhu remapuruguru iongororo dzakawanda dzinoitwa nemugadziri kuti aongorore mashandiro evharuvhu uye kuona chiyero chechisimba chayo. Miedzo iyi inogona kusanganisira:
1. Kuongorora zvinhu
Ita ongororo yesimbi pazvikamu zvevharuvhu remapuruguru kuti uone hunhu hwezvinhu, uye ita bvunzo dzemakanika kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti vharuvhu remapuruguru rinosangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba, ductility, nezvimwewo.
2. Kuedzwa kwemvura
Vharuvhu inomanikidzwa nemvura inodarika kumanikidzwa kwayo kwakanyanya (kazhinji pakupisa kwakadzika kana kwakakwirira) kuti iongorore kunaka kwechimiro chayo uye kushanda kwayo kwekuvhara.
1). Kugadzirira bvunzo isati yaitwa
Usati waita bvunzo ye hydraulic ye butterfly valve, gadziriro dzinotevera dzinofanirwa kuitwa:
a)Tarisa kuti michina yekuyedza yakamira sei kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti bvunzo yacho inogona kuitwa zvakachengeteka uye zvakajairika.
b)Iva nechokwadi chekuti vharuvhu yeshavishavi yakaiswa nemazvo uye kubatana nemuchina wekuyera kumanikidzwa kwakavharwa zvakanaka.
c)Sarudza pombi yemvura ine kumanikidzwa kwakakodzera kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti kumanikidzwa kwekuyedza uye mwero wekuyerera kwemvura zvinosangana nezvinodiwa.
d)Bvisa marara anogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro yebvunzo panguva yebvunzo uye iva nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yebvunzo yakachena uye yakarongeka.
2). Matanho ekuyedza
a)Tanga wavhara vharuvhu pavharuvhu reshavishavi, wobva wavhura pombi yemvura, wobva wawedzera kumanikidzwa kwemvura zvishoma nezvishoma kuti usvike pakumanikidzwa kwekuyedza.
b)Chengetedza kumanikidzwa kwekuyedza kwenguva yakati uye tarisa kana paine kubuda kwemvura kwakatenderedza vharuvhu yeshavishavi. Kana paine kubuda kwemvura, inofanira kugadziriswa nenguva.
c)Mushure menguva yekuedza, deredza kumanikidzwa kwemvura zvishoma nezvishoma uye chenesa vharuvhu remapuruguru nemuchina wekuyera kumanikidzwa kudzivirira mavanga emvura mushure mekuedza.
3). Nzira dzekuyedza
Kune nzira dzinotevera dzekuongorora hydraulic ye butterfly valve:
a)Nzira yekuyedza kumanikidzwa kwakasimba: Misa pombi yemvura, chengetedza kumanikidzwa kwekuyedza kweawa imwe kusvika mbiri, uye tarisa kana paine kudonha kwemvura kwakatenderedza vharuvhu yeshavishavi.
b)Nzira yekuedza kumanikidzwa kwesimba: Paunenge uchichengetedza kuyerera kwekuyedza uye kumanikidzwa, vhura vharuvhu reshavishavi, tarisa kana vharuvhu richishanda zvakanaka, uye tarisa kana paine kubuda kwemvura kwakakomberedza.
c)Kuedzwa kwekumanikidzwa kwemhepo: Isa kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kana gasi kuvharuvhu yebhatafurayi kuti uteedzere mamiriro ekushanda uye uongorore kupindura kwayo kukuchinja-chinja kwekumanikidzwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda zvakanaka pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu anochinja.
d)Kuedza kutenderera: Vharuvhu yemashavishavi inodzokororwa kakawanda pakati penzvimbo dzakavhurika nedzakavharwa pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekumanikidzwa kuti ione kusimba kwayo uye kuvimbika kwayo pakusunga.
Sei uchifanira kusarudza chiyero chepamusoro chekumanikidzwa kwevharuvhu reshavishavi?
Kuona chiyero chepamusoro chekumanikidzwa kunokubvumira kusarudza vharuvhu yeshavishavi yakakodzera yekushandisa uye kunoita kuti kushanda kwayo kushande zvakachengeteka mukati memiganhu yakatarwa yekumanikidzwa.
1. Kuenderana kweMashandisirwo
Sarudza vharuvhu remapuruguru rine chiyero chekumanikidzwa chinodarika kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunogona kuitika muhurongwa hwemapaipi kudzivirira kuwandisa kwevharuvhu remapuruguru.
2. Kufunga nezvekupisa
Funga nezvekuchinja kwekushisa muhurongwa hwemvura, kwete chete nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekupisa uye kudzikira. Kupisa kwakanyanya kuchakonzera kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura, uye kupisa kwakanyanya kuchakanganisa hunhu hwevharuvhu uye kuderedza kugona kwayo kubata kumanikidzwa.
3. Dziviriro yeKudzvanywa Kwekumanikidzwa
Isa michina yakakodzera yekuderedza kumanikidzwa kana zvinhu zvinoderedza kumanikidzwa kuti uderedze kukwira kwesimba uye udzivirire vharuvhu yeshavishavi kubva pakukwira kwesimba kamwe kamwe kunopfuura kugona kwayo.
Muchidimbu, kumanikidzwa kukuru kunokonzerwa nevharuvhu yeshavishaviInogona kutsungirira zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kwayo, zvinhu zvayo, chimiro chayo, uye nzira yayo yekuvhara. Kuyera kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya chinhu chakakosha kuona kuti mavharuvhu eshavishavi anoshanda zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira. Nekunzwisisa zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuyera kumanikidzwa, kuti zvinoonekwa sei, uye kukanganisa kwazvinoita pakusarudzwa nekushandiswa kwemavharuvhu eshavishavi, vharuvhu yakakodzera yeshavishavi inogona kusarudzwa nemazvo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti vharuvhu yeshavishavi yakachengeteka uye inoshanda panguva yekushandisa.