1/Pfungwa

Nyundo yemvura inonziwo nyundo yemvura. Panguva yekufambisa mvura (kana zvimwe zvinwiwa), nekuda kwekuvhurika kana kuvharwa kamwe kamwe kweVharuvhu yeApi Butterfly, mavharuvhu egedhi, tarisa mavhairasi uyemavharuvhu ebhora. kumira kamwe kamwe kwemapombi emvura, kuvhurwa nekuvharwa kamwe kamwe kwemavane ekutungamira, nezvimwewo, mwero wekuyerera unochinja kamwe kamwe uye kumanikidzwa kunochinja zvakanyanya. Mhedzisiro yehammer yemvura izwi rakajeka. Inoreva hammer yemvura yakanyanya inokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwekuyerera kwemvura papombi kana pombi yemvura yatanga uye yamiswa. Nekuti mukati mepombi yemvura, rusvingo rwemukati rwepombi rwakatsetseka uye mvura inoyerera zvakasununguka. Kana vharuvhu yakavhurika ikangoerekana yavharwa kana pombi yemvura yamira, kuyerera kwemvura kuchaita kuti vharuvhu nemadziro epombi zviome, kunyanya vharuvhu kana pombi. Nekuti rusvingo rwepombi rwakatsetseka, pasi pekuita kwekusashanda kwemvura inotevera, simba re hydraulic rinokurumidza kusvika pakakwirira uye rinogadzira mhedzisiro inoparadza. Uyu ndiwo "mhedzisiro yehammer yemvura" mu hydraulics, kureva, hammer yemvura yakanaka. Kusiyana neizvi, kana vharuvhu yakavharwa ikangoerekana yavhurwa kana pombi yemvura yatanga, hammer yemvura inoitikawo, inonzi hammer yemvura isina kunaka, asi haina kukura seyekutanga. Kumanikidzwa uku kuchaita kuti madziro epombi asimbiswe uye kubudise ruzha, sezvinoita nyundo inorova pombi, saka inonzi mvura hammer effect.

2/Njodzi

Kumanikidzwa kwacho kunokonzerwa newater hammer kunogona kusvika kagumi kana mazana ekumanikidzwa kwakajairika mupaipi. Kuchinja-chinja kwedzvinyiriro kwakadaro kunogona kukonzera kudedera kwakasimba kana ruzha mupaipi uye kunogona kukuvadza majoini emavharuvhu. Kukanganisa zvakanyanya papombi. Kuti mvura isapinde, paipi inofanira kugadzirwa nemazvo kudzivirira kuyerera kwemvura kuti isanyanya kukwira. Kazhinji, kuyerera kwemvura kwakagadzirwa kwepaipi kunofanirwa kunge kuri pasi pe3m/s, uye kumhanya kwekuvhura nekuvhara kwevharuvhu kunofanirwa kudzorwa.
Nekuti pombi inotangwa, inomiswa, uye mavharuvhu anovhurwa nekukasira, kumhanya kwemvura kunochinja zvakanyanya, kunyanya hammer yemvura inokonzerwa nekumira kamwe kamwe kwepombi, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza mapaipi, mapombi emvura, uye mavharuvhu, uye zvinoita kuti pombi yemvura idzokere shure uye ideredze kumanikidzwa kwenetwork yepombi. Mhedzisiro yehammer yemvura inoparadza zvakanyanya: kana kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kuchaita kuti pombi iputsike. Kusiyana neizvi, kana kumanikidzwa kwakaderera, kuchaita kuti pombi iputsike uye kukuvadza mavharuvhu nezvisungo. Munguva pfupi, mwero wekuyerera kwemvura unowedzera kubva pazero kusvika pachiyero chekuyerera kwemvura. Sezvo mvura iine simba rekufamba uye imwe nhanho yekumanikidzwa, shanduko huru mumwero wekuyerera munguva pfupi kwazvo ichaita kuti kumanikidzwa kwakakwira uye kwakaderera papombi kuve nemigumisiro yekumanikidzwa kwakakwira uye kwakaderera.

3/gadzira

Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinoita kuti pave newater hammer. Zvinhu zvakajairika ndeizvi:

1. Vharuvhu inovhurika kana kuvhara kamwe kamwe;

2. Pombi yemvura inomira kamwe kamwe kana kutanga;

3. Pombi imwe chete inotakura mvura kuenda kunzvimbo yakakwirira (musiyano wekukwirira kwenzvimbo inopihwa mvura unodarika mamita makumi maviri);

4. Kukwidziridzwa kwese (kana kushanda) kwepombi yemvura kwakakura;

5. Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi yemvura kwakakura zvakanyanya;

6. Pombi yemvura yakareba zvakanyanya uye nzvimbo yacho inochinja zvikuru.
7. Kuvaka zvisina kurongeka injodzi yakavanda mumapurojekiti emapaipi emvura
(1) Semuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwesimbi dzinopinza simende dzematinji, magokora, zvinoderedza simba uye mamwe majoini hakuenderane nezvinodiwa.
Zvinoenderana ne "Technical Regulations for Buried Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Water Supply Pipeline Engineering", mapier esimbi anofanirwa kuiswa panzvimbo dzakadai sematie, magokora, mareducer nedzimwe pombi dzine dhayamita ye ≥110mm kudzivirira pombi kuti isafambe. "Mapier esimbi akagadzirwa nekongiri" Haafanire kunge ari pasi peC15 grade, uye anofanira kukandwa panzvimbo yacho pahwaro hwevhu rekutanga rakacherwa uye pamawere emugero." Vamwe vanovaka havanyatso tarisisa basa remapier esimbi. Vanorovera danda rehuni kana kupinza simbi padivi pepombi kuti ishande sepier yesimbi. Dzimwe nguva vhoriyamu yesimbi yesimbi idiki kana kuti haidururwi pavhu rekutanga. Kune rumwe rutivi, mamwe mapier esimbi haana kusimba zvakakwana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, panguva yekushanda kwepombi, mapier esimbi haagone kushanda uye haashande, zvichiita kuti mapier esimbi akadai sematie nemagokora asakanganiswe uye akuvara.
(2) Vharuvhu yekubuda kwemhepo otomatiki haina kuiswa kana kuti nzvimbo yekuisira haina musoro.
Zvichienderana nepfungwa yemahydraulics, mavharuvhu emagetsi anobuda otomatiki anofanira kugadzirwa uye kuiswa panzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemapaipi munzvimbo dzine makomo kana makomo ane mafungu makuru. Kunyangwe munzvimbo dzisina kudzika dzine nzvimbo diki dzinodzika, mapaipi anofanira kugadzirwa nemaoko pakuchera migero. Kune kukwira nekudzika, kukwira kana kudonha nenzira inotenderera, mawere haasi pasi pe1/500, uye mavharuvhu emagetsi anobuda 1-2 akagadzirwa panzvimbo yakakwirira yekiromita yega yega.
Nekuti panguva yekufambisa mvura mupaipi, gasi riri mupaipi rinobuda roungana muzvikamu zvakasimudzwa zvepaipi, zvichitoita kuti mhepo ivharike. Kana mwero wemvura mupaipi uchichinja-chinja, mapoketi emhepo anoumbwa muzvikamu zvakasimudzwa acharamba achimanikidzwa uye achiwedzerwa, uye gasi richave. Kumanikidzwa kunobva mushure mekumanikidzwa kwakawanda kana kuti kunyange mazana enguva kupfuura kumanikidzwa kunobva mushure mekumanikidzwa kwemvura (nhoroondo yeruzhinji: Pump Butler). Panguva ino, chikamu ichi chepaipi chine njodzi dzakavanda chinogona kutungamira kumamiriro ezvinhu anotevera:
• Kana mvura yapfuudzwa pamusoro pepombi, mvura inodonha inonyangarika pasi pepombi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti bhegi remhepo riri mupombi rinovhara kuyerera kwemvura, zvichiita kuti mvura iparadzane.
• Gasi rakamanikidzwa riri mupaipi rinomanikidzwa kusvika padanho repamusoro uye rinokura nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti paipi ipasuke.
• Kana mvura inobva kunzvimbo ine mvura yakawanda ikafambiswa ichidzika pasi pemvura nekumhanya kwakati wandei nekuyerera kwesimba remagetsi rinokwevera pasi, mushure mekunge vharuvhu rekumusoro ravharwa nekukurumidza, nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwemusiyano wehurefu uye mwero wekuyerera, koramu yemvura iri mupombi yekumusoro haimire ipapo ipapo. Inoramba ichifamba nekumhanya kwakati. Kumhanya kunoyerera pasi pemvura. Panguva ino, vacuum inoumbwa mupombi nekuti mhepo haigone kuzadzwazve nenguva, zvichiita kuti pombi iderere nekumanikidzwa kwakati wandei uye kukuvara.
(3) Ivhu remugero neremumugero hazvienderane nezvinodiwa.
Migero isina kukodzera inowanzoonekwa munzvimbo dzine makomo, kunyanya nekuti kune matombo akawanda munzvimbo dzakati. Migero yacho inocherwa nemaoko kana kuputirwa nezvinhu zvinoputika. Pasi pemugero hapachina kuenzana uye pane matombo akapinza anobuda. Panyaya iyi, zvichienderana nemitemo yakakodzera, matombo ari pasi pemugero anofanira kubviswa uye jecha rinodarika masendimita gumi nemashanu rinofanira kucherwa usati waisa pombi. Zvisinei, vashandi vekuvaka havana hanya kana kucheka makona uye vakaisa jecha zvakananga pasina jecha rekugadzira kana kugadzira jecha nenzira yekufananidzira. Pombi inoiswa pamatombo. Kana backfill yapera uye mvura yaiswa kushanda, nekuda kwehuremu hwepombi pachayo, kumanikidzwa kwenyika kwakamira, mutoro wemotokari papombi, uye superposition yegiravhiti, inotsigirwa nedombo rimwe kana akawanda akakwidzwa pasi pepombi. , kushushikana kwakanyanya, pombi inogona kukuvara panzvimbo iyi uye kutsemuka pamutsetse wakatwasuka panzvimbo iyi. Izvi ndizvo zvinowanzodaidzwa nevanhu kuti "mhedzisiro yekukora."

4/Matanho

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekudzivirira nyundo yemvura, asi nzira dzakasiyana dzinofanira kutorwa zvichienderana nezvikonzero zvinogona kukonzera nyundo yemvura.
1. Kuderedza kuyerera kwemvura mumapaipi emvura kunogona kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwemvura kusvika pamwero wakati, asi zvichawedzera dhayamita yemapaipi emvura uye kuwedzera mari inoshandiswa papurojekiti. Pakuisa mapaipi emvura, kunofanirwa kufungwa nezvekudzivirira mahumps kana shanduko huru mumateru kuti kuderedze kureba kwepaipi yemvura. Kana paipi yakareba, kukosha kwemvura kunowedzera kana pombi yamiswa. Kubva panzvimbo imwe chete yekupomba kusvika kunzvimbo mbiri dzekupomba, tsime rekusveta mvura rinoshandiswa kubatanidza nzvimbo mbiri dzekupomba.
Sando yemvura kana pombi yamiswa

Zvinonzi pump-stop water hammer zvinoreva hydraulic shock phenomenon inokonzerwa nekuchinja kamwe kamwe kweflow velocity muwater pombi nema pressure pombi kana vharuvhu ikavhurwa uye yamiswa nekuda kwekudzimwa kwemagetsi kamwe kamwe kana zvimwe zvikonzero. Semuenzaniso, kutadza kwesimba remagetsi kana michina yemagetsi, kutadza kweimwe nguva kwewater pombi unit, nezvimwewo zvinogona kukonzera kuti centrifugal pombi ivhure vharuvhu uye imire, zvichikonzera water hammer kana pombi ikamiswa. Saizi yewater hammer kana pombi ikamiswa inonyanya kuenderana ne geometric head yepombi. Kana geometric head yakakwira, kukosha kwewater hammer kana pombi ikamiswa kwakawedzera. Saka, musoro wepombi unofanirwa kusarudzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo enzvimbo.

Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwesando remvura kana pombi yamiswa kunogona kusvika 200% yekushanda kwakajairika, kana kutopfuura, izvo zvinogona kuparadza mapaipi nemidziyo. Njodzi dzakajairika dzinokonzera "kubuda kwemvura" uye kudzimwa kwemvura; tsaona dzakakomba dzinokonzera kuti pombi ifukidzwe nemvura, michina ikuvadzwe, uye zvivakwa zvikuvadzwe, kana kutokonzera kukuvara kwevanhu kana kufa.

Mushure mekumisa pombi nekuda kwetsaona, mirira kusvika pombi iri kuseri kwevharuvhu rekutarisa yazadzwa nemvura usati watanga pombi. Usavhure zvakakwana vharuvhu rekubuditsa pombi yemvura paunenge uchitanga pombi, zvikasadaro mvura inogona kurova zvakanyanya. Njodzi huru dzemvura dzinoitika munzvimbo zhinji dzekupomba dzinowanzoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.

2. Gadzirisa mudziyo wekubvisa nyundo yemvura
(1) Kushandisa tekinoroji yekudzora voltage isingachinji
Sisitimu yekudzora otomatiki yePLC inoshandiswa kudzora pombi nekumhanya kwakasiyana-siyana uye kudzora otomatiki mashandiro esisitimu yese yepombi yemvura. Sezvo kumanikidzwa kwenetwork yemapaipi emvura kuchiramba kuchichinja nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekushanda, kumanikidzwa kwakaderera kana kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunowanzoitika panguva yekushanda kwesisitimu, izvo zvinogona kukonzera hammer yemvura zviri nyore, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwemapaipi nemidziyo. Sisitimu yekudzora otomatiki yePLC inoshandiswa kudzora network yemapaipi. Kuonekwa kwekumanikidzwa, kudzora kutanga nekumira kwepombi yemvura uye kugadzirisa kumhanya, kudzora kuyerera, uye nekudaro kuchengetedza kumanikidzwa pane imwe nhanho. Kumanikidzwa kwemvura kwepombi kunogona kugadziriswa nekudzora microcomputer kuchengetedza kumanikidzwa kwemvura nguva dzose uye kudzivirira kushanduka kwakanyanya kwekumanikidzwa. Mikana yehammer yemvura inoderedzwa.
(2) Isa chinodzora mvura nehammer
Mudziyo uyu unonyanya kudzivirira hammer yemvura kana pombi yamiswa. Kazhinji inoiswa pedyo nepombi yekubuditsa mvura. Inoshandisa kumanikidzwa kwepombi pachayo sesimba rekuita otomatiki kwesimba rekudzikisa. Kureva kuti, kana kumanikidzwa kuri mupombi kwakaderera pane kukosha kwekudzivirira kwakaiswa, chiteshi chekudhonza mvura chinozongoerekana chavhurika kuti chibudise mvura. Kurerutsira kumanikidzwa kunoshandiswa kuyera kumanikidzwa kwemapaipi emunharaunda uye kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwehammer yemvura pamidziyo nemapaipi. Zvishandiso zvinorema zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: zvemakanika uye zvehydraulic. Zvishandiso zvinorema zvemakanika zvinogadziriswa nemaoko mushure mekushanda, nepo zvishandiso zvinorema zvemahydraulic zvinogona kudzoserwa otomatiki.
(3) Isa vharuvhu yekutarisa inovhara zvishoma nezvishoma papombi yekubuditsa pombi yemvura ine dhayamita hombe.

Inogona kubvisa mvura zvinobudirira kana pombi yamiswa, asi nekuti huwandu hwemvura hunodzoka kana pombi yamira,Api 609Kana vharuvhu yashanda, tsime rekukweva mvura rinofanira kunge riine pombi inoputika. Kune mhando mbiri dzevharuvhu dzinovhara zvishoma nezvishoma: rudzi rwehammer uye rudzi rwekuchengetedza simba. Rudzi urwu rwevharuvhu runogona kugadzirisa nguva yekuvharira vharuvhu mukati mechikamu chakati sezvinodiwa (tinotenda zvinotevera: Pump Butler). Kazhinji, vharuvhu inovhara 70% kusvika 80% mukati memasekonzi matatu kusvika manomwe mushure mekudzima kwemagetsi. Nguva yasara yekuvhara 20% kusvika 30% inogadziriswa zvichienderana nemamiriro epombi yemvura nepaipi, kazhinji mumasekonzi gumi kusvika makumi matatu. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kana paine hump mupaipi uye hammer yemvura ikaitika, basa revharuvhu rinovhara zvishoma nezvishoma rinova shoma.
(4) Gadzira shongwe inodzora kumanikidzwa kwemhepo nenzira imwe chete
Yakavakwa pedyo nenzvimbo yekupomba kana panzvimbo yakakodzera papombi, uye kukwirira kweshongwe yekusunda yenzira imwe chete kwakaderera pane kumanikidzwa kwepombi ipapo. Kana kumanikidzwa kuri mupombi kwakaderera pane mwero wemvura mushongwe, shongwe inodzora kumanikidzwa inozadza mvura kupombi kudzivirira column yemvura kuti isaputsike uye kuvharira shongwe yemvura. Zvisinei, simba rayo rekuderedza kumanikidzwa pashongwe yemvura kunze kweshongwe yemvura inomira pombi, senge shongwe yemvura inovhara vharuvhu, harina kukwana. Pamusoro pezvo, mashandiro eshongwe yenzira imwe chete inoshandiswa mushongwe inodzora kumanikidzwa yenzira imwe chete anofanira kuva akavimbika. Kana vharuvhu ikakundikana, inogona kukonzera shongwe huru yemvura.
(5) Isa pombi yekufambisa mvura (vharuvhu) muchiteshi chepombi
Kana pombi iri kushanda zvakanaka, vharuvhu rekutarisa rinovharwa nekuti kumanikidzwa kwemvura kudivi rekumanikidza kwepombi kwakakwira kupfuura kumanikidzwa kwemvura kudivi rekusveta. Kana magetsi akadzimwa netsaona akangoerekana amisa pombi, kumanikidzwa kunobuda pachiteshi chepombi yemvura kunodzikira zvakanyanya, ukuwo kumanikidzwa kudivi rekusveta kunokwira zvakanyanya. Pasi pekumanikidzwa uku kwakasiyana, mvura inomanikidzwa zvakanyanya mupombi huru yekusveta mvura inosunda vharafu revharuvhu rekutarisa uye inoyerera ichienda kumvura inomanikidzwa zvishoma iri mupombi huru yemvura inomanikidzwa, zvichiita kuti kumanikidzwa kwemvura kwakaderera ikoko kuwedzere; kune rumwe rutivi, pombi yemvura Kukwira kwesimba rehammer yemvura kudivi rekusveta kunodzikirawo. Nenzira iyi, kukwira kwesimba rehammer yemvura nekudonha kwesimba kumativi ese echiteshi chepombi yemvura zvinodzorwa, nokudaro zvichideredza nekudzivirira njodzi dzesimba rehammer yemvura.
(6) Gadzira vharuvhu yekutarisa ine matanho akawanda
Mupombi refu yemvura, wedzera imwe kana kupfuuramavharuvhu ekuongorora, patsanura pombi yemvura kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye isa vharuvhu yekutarisa pachikamu chimwe nechimwe. Kana mvura iri mupombi yemvura yadzoka panguva yehammer yemvura, vharuvhu yega yega yekutarisa inovharwa imwe mushure meimwe kuti ipatsanure kuyerera kwemvura yekudzokera shure kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Sezvo musoro we hydrostatic muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chepombi yemvura (kana chikamu chekuyerera kwemvura yekudzokera shure) uri mudiki, mwero wekuyerera kwemvura unodzikira. Hammer boost. Iyi nzira yekudzivirira inogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira mumamiriro ezvinhu apo musiyano wehurefu hwemvura yejometri wakakura; asi haigone kubvisa mukana wekuparadzaniswa kwekoramu yemvura. Dambudziko rayo guru nderekuti: kushandiswa kwesimba kwepombi yemvura panguva yekushanda kwakajairika uye kuwedzera kwemitengo yemvura.