1/Concept

Sando yemvura inonziwo sando yemvura.Panguva yekufambisa kwemvura (kana zvimwe zvinwiwa), nekuda kwekuvhurwa kana kuvhara kamwe kamweApi Butterfly Valve, gedhi mavharuvhu, tarisa vavles uyebhora mavharuvhu.Kumira kamwe kamwe kwemapombi emvura, kuvhurwa nekuvharwa kwevanotungamira, zvichingodaro, chiyero chekuyerera chinoshanduka kamwe kamwe uye kudzvanywa kunochinja zvakanyanya.Mhedzisiro yesando yemvura ishoko rakajeka.Rinoreva sando yemvura yakaoma inokonzerwa nekuyerera kwemvura papombi apo pombi yemvura inotangwa nekumiswa.Nokuti mukati mepombi yemvura, rusvingo rwomukati rwepombi rwakatsetseka uye mvura inoyerera zvakasununguka.Kana vharuvhu yakazaruka yakangoerekana yavharwa kana pombi yekupa mvura ikamiswa, kuyerera kwemvura kunounza kudzvanywa pavharuvhu uye pombi madziro, kunyanya vharafu kana pombi.Nemhaka yokuti rusvingo rwepombi rwakatsetseka, pasi pechiito che inertia chekuyerera kwemvura inotevera, simba re hydraulic rinokurumidza kusvika pakakwirira uye rinobudisa migumisiro inoparadza.Iyi ndiyo "sando yemvura" mu hydraulics, kureva, nyundo yemvura yakanaka.Kusiyana neizvi, kana vharuvhu yakavharwa yakangoerekana yavhurwa kana pombi yemvura inotanga, nyundo yemvura ichaitikawo, iyo inonzi nyundo yemvura yakaipa, asi haina kukura seyokutanga.Kumanikidza kuchaita kuti madziro epombi asimbiswe uye abudise ruzha, kungofanana nesando inorova pombi, saka inodaidzwa kunzi sando yemvura.

2/Njodzi

Kudzvinyirirwa kwepakarepo kunogadzirwa nesando yemvura kunogona kusvika kune gumi nemazana kana kunyange mazana enguva yenguva dzose yekushanda kwesimba mupombi.Kuchinja kukuru kwakakura kwakadaro kunogona kukonzera kuzunguzika kwakasimba kana ruzha mupombi system uye zvinogona kukuvadza majoini evharuvhu.Iine zvakanyanya kukuvadza papiping system.Kuti udzivise sando yemvura, pombi yepombi inoda kugadzirwa nemazvo kudzivirira mwero wekuyerera kubva pakunyanya.Kazhinji, chiyero chakagadzirwa chekuyerera kwepombi chinofanira kunge chiri pasi pe3m / s, uye vheji yekuvhura uye kuvhara kwevhavha inoda kudzorwa.
Nemhaka yokuti pombi inotangwa, inomiswa, uye mavharuvhu anovhurwa nokuvharwa nokukurumidza zvikuru, kumhanya kwemvura kunochinja zvikuru, zvikurukuru sando yemvura inokonzerwa nokumira kamwe kamwe kwepombi, iyo inogona kukuvadza mapaipi, pombi dzemvura, uye mavharuvhu, uye ita kuti pombi yemvura idzoke uye kuderedza kudzvinyirira kwepombi network.Mhedzisiro yesando yemvura inoparadza zvakanyanya: kana kudzvanywa kwakanyanyisa, kuchaita kuti pombi iparare.Pane zvinopesana, kana kudzvinyirira kwakanyanyisa, kuchaita kuti pombi iputse uye inokanganisa mavhavha uye kugadzirisa.Nenguva diki diki, mwero wekuyerera kwemvura unowedzera kubva pazero kusvika pachiyero chekuyerera.Sezvo zvinwiwa zvine kinetic simba uye imwe dhigirii yekumisikidza, shanduko huru muyero yekuyerera munguva pfupi pfupi inokonzeresa yakakwira uye yakaderera kukanganiswa kwepombi.

3/gadzira

Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvesando yemvura.Zvinowanzoitika ndezvizvi:

1. Ivhavha inovhurika kamwe kamwe kana kuvhara;

2. Chikwata chepombi yemvura chinongoerekana chamira kana kutanga;

3. Pombi imwe chete inotakura mvura kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira (kusiyana kwekukwirira kwemvura kunodarika mamita makumi maviri);

4 .Kusimudza kwese (kana kushanda nesimba) kwepombi yemvura yakakura;

5. Velocity yekuyerera kwemvura mupombi yemvura yakakurisa;

6. Pombi yemvura yakarebesa uye nzvimbo inoshanduka zvikuru.
7. Kuvaka zvisina kurongeka injodzi yakavanzika mumapurojekiti epombi yemvura
(1) Semuyenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwe simende thrust piers yematee, magokora, zvinoderedza uye mamwe majoini haazadzise zvinodiwa.
Zvinoenderana ne "Technical Regulations for Buried Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Water Supply Pipeline Engineering", simende thrust piers dzinofanirwa kuiswa pamajoini akadai sematei, magokora, zvinoderedza uye mamwe mapaipi ane dhayamita ye ≥110mm kudzivirira pombi kufamba."Concrete thrust piers" Haifanire kunge yakaderera pane C15 giredhi, uye inofanira kukandwa panzvimbo-panzvimbo yakacherwa yepakutanga ivhu nheyo uye mugero mutsetse.Mamwe mapato ekuvaka haatarise zvakakwana basa rema thrust piers.Vanoroverera danda remuti kana kuti kupinza simbi pedyo nepombi kuti iite sepoirira.Dzimwe nguva huwandu hwesimende pier idiki zvakanyanya kana kuti haina kudururwa paivhu rekutanga.Ukuwo, mamwe ma thrust pier haana kusimba zvakakwana.Nekuda kweizvozvo, panguva yekushanda kwepombi, ma thrust piers haagone kushanda uye kusashanda, zvichikonzera kuti mapombi ekuisa sematei nemagokora asarongeka uye akuvadzwe..
(2) The automatic exhaust valve haina kuiswa kana nzvimbo yekuisa haina musoro.
Zvinoenderana neiyo musimboti we hydraulics, otomatiki mavharuvhu emhepo anofanirwa kugadzirwa uye kuiswa panzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemapaipi munzvimbo dzine makomo kana zvikomo zvine mikuru mikuru.Kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakashama dzine nzvimbo diki dzisina kuerera, mapaipi anofanirwa kugadzirwa zvine hunyanzvi pakuchera migero.Kune kukwira nekudzika, kukwira kana kudonha nenzira ye cyclical, mutsetse hausi pasi pe1/500, uye 1-2 mavharuvhu ekupedza akagadzirwa panzvimbo yepamusoro yekiromita imwe neimwe..
Nekuti panguva yekufambisa kwemvura mupombi, gasi riri mupombi rinopukunyuka uye rinoungana munzvimbo dzakasimudzwa dzepombi, kunyange kugadzira kuvharika kwemhepo.Kana mwero wekuyerera kwemvura mupombi uchichinja, homwe dzemhepo dzakaumbwa munzvimbo dzakasimudzwa dzinoramba dzichitsikirirwa nekuwedzerwa, uye gasi richava Kumanikidza kunogadzirwa mushure mekudzvanyirirwa kwakapetwa kana mazana enguva yakakura kupfuura kudzvanywa kunoitwa mushure. mvura inomanikidzwa (public account: Pump Butler).Panguva ino, chikamu ichi chepombi chine njodzi dzakavanzika chinogona kutungamira kune anotevera mamiriro:
• Mushure mekunge mvura yapfuura nepamusoro pepombi, mvura inodonha inonyangarika pasi.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti bhegi remhepo riri mupombi rinovhara kuyerera kwemvura, zvichikonzera kupatsanurwa kwembiru yemvura..
• Iyo gasi yakamanikidzwa mupombi inomanikidzwa kusvika pakakwirira uye inokurumidza kuwedzera, zvichiita kuti pipeline iparadze..
• Apo mvura inobva kune imwe nzvimbo yemvura inotakurwa ichidzika pasi kune imwe kukurumidza nemhepo inoyerera, mushure mokunge valve yekumusoro yakavharwa nokukurumidza, nekuda kwe inertia yekusiyana kwehurefu uye chiyero chekuyerera, mbiru yemvura mupombi inokwira hairegi pakarepo. .Ichiri kufamba neimwe sipidhi.Sipidhi inoyerera ichidzika.Panguva ino, vacuum inoumbwa mupombi nekuti mhepo haigone kuzadzikiswa nenguva, zvichiita kuti pombi iparadzwe nekumanikidza kwakashata uye kukuvadzwa.
(3) Mugero uye ivhu rekudzosera kumashure hazvisangane nemirairo.
Migero isina kukodzera inowanzoonekwa munzvimbo dzine makomo, kunyanya nokuti kune matombo akawanda mune dzimwe nzvimbo.Migero yacho inocherwa nemaoko kana kuputika nezvinoputika.Pasi pemugero wacho hachina kuenzana uye ine matombo anopinza akabudikira.Paunosangana neizvi, Muchiitiko ichi, maererano nemitemo yakakodzera, matombo ari pasi pegoronga anofanira kubviswa uye anopfuura masendimita gumi nemashanu ejecha anofanirwa kugadzirwa pombi isati yaiswa.Zvisinei, vashandi vekuvaka vakanga vasina hanya kana kuti kucheka makona uye vakaisa jecha zvakananga pasina kugadzirwa kwejecha kana kugadzira jecha nenzira yokufananidzira.Pombi inoiswa pamatombo.Kana iyo yekudzosera yapera uye mvura yaiswa mukushanda, nekuda kwehuremu hwepombi pachayo, kusimba kwepasi kwakamira, mutoro wemotokari papombi, uye nepamusoro pesimba regiravhiti, inotsigirwa nerimwe kana akati wandei akapinza matombo akasimudzwa. pazasi pepombi., kunyanya kushushikana mupfungwa, pombi inogona kukuvara panguva ino uye inotsemuka ichitevedza mutsara wakatwasuka panguva ino.Izvi ndizvo zvinowanzonzi nevanhu "scoring effect.".

4/Matanho

Kune akawanda matanho ekudzivirira nyundo yemvura, asi matanho akasiyana anofanira kutorwa zvichienderana nezvinokonzeresa nyundo yemvura.
1. Kuderedza kuyerera kwepombi dzemvura kunogona kuderedza dzvinyiriro yesando yemvura kusvika kumwero wakati, asi kuchawedzera dhayamita yepombi dzemvura uye kuwedzera mari yepurojekiti.Pakuteya mapaipi emvura, panofanirwa kutariswa kudzivirira humps kana shanduko huru pamateru kuderedza kureba kwepombi yemvura.Kurebesa kwepombi, ndiko kukura ukoshi hwesando yemvura kana pombi yamiswa.Kubva pane imwe nzvimbo yekupomba kusvika kune mbiri dzekupomba, tsime rekusveta mvura rinoshandiswa kubatanidza mapombi maviri.
Sando yemvura kana pombi yamiswa

Iyo inonzi pump-stop water sando inoreva hydraulic shock phenomenon inokonzerwa nekuchinja kamwe kamwe kwekukurumidza kuyerera kwepombi yemvura nemapombi ekumanikidza kana vharuvhu yavhurwa nekumira nekuda kwekudzima kwemagetsi kamwe kamwe kana zvimwe zvikonzero.Semuenzaniso, kukundikana kwegadziriro yemagetsi kana midziyo yemagetsi, dzimwe nguva kukundikana kwepombi yepombi yemvura, nezvimwewo zvinogona kuita kuti pombi yecentrifugal ivhure valve uye kumira, zvichiita kuti nyundo yemvura kana pombi imire.Kukura kwesando yemvura kana pombi yamira kunonyanya kuenderana nemusoro wejometri wekamuri yepombi.Iyo yakakwirira yemusoro wejometri, iyo yakakura kukosha kwesando yemvura kana pombi yamiswa.Nokudaro, musoro wepombi unonzwisisika unofanirwa kusarudzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo emunharaunda.

Iyo yakanyanya kudzvinyirirwa yesando yemvura kana pombi yamiswa inogona kusvika 200% yeakajairika kushanda kumanikidza, kana kutokwira, izvo zvinogona kuparadza mapaipi nemidziyo.Njodzi dzinowanzokonzera "kudonha kwemvura" uye kupera kwemvura;tsaona dzakakomba dzinoita kuti imba yepombi ifukidzwe nemvura, midziyo ikuvadzwe, uye zvivakwa zvikuvadzwe.kukuvadza kana kutokonzera kukuvara kana kufa.

Mushure mokumisa pombi nekuda kwenjodzi, kumirira kusvikira pombi kuseri kwevhavhavha yekuongorora izere nemvura isati yatanga pombi.Usazarura zvakakwana pombi yekubuda kwemvura paunotanga pombi, kana zvisina kudaro mvura yakawanda ichaitika.Tsaona huru dzesando dzemvura mumapombi akawanda dzinowanzoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.

2. Seta mudziyo wekubvisa sando yemvura
(1) Kushandisa inogara voltage control tekinoroji
A PLC otomatiki yekudzora sisitimu inoshandiswa kudzora pombi ine inosiyana frequency kumhanya uye kudzora otomatiki mashandiro eiyo yese mvura yekupa pombi yekamuri system.Sezvo kudzvinyirirwa kwepombi yemvura yepombi network inoramba ichichinja nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekushanda, kuderera kuderera kana kuwandisa kunowanzoitika panguva yekushanda kwehurongwa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera nyore nyundo yemvura, zvichiita kuti kukuvara kwepombi nemichina.A PLC otomatiki control system inoshandiswa kudzora pombi network.Kuonekwa kwekumanikidzwa, kudzora mhinduro yekutanga uye kumira kwepombi yemvura uye kukurumidza kugadzirisa, kutonga kwekuyerera, uye nokudaro kuchengetedza kudzvanywa pane imwe nhanho.Iyo yemvura yekumanikidza yepombi inogona kusetwa nekudzora iyo microcomputer kuchengetedza inogara ichimanikidza mvura yekupa uye kudzivirira yakawandisa kudzvanya kushanduka.Mukana wesando yemvura wakaderedzwa.
(2) Isa mvura yekubvisa sando
Ichi chishandiso chinonyanya kudzivirira sando yemvura kana pombi yamiswa.Iyo inowanzoiswa pedyo nepombi yekubuda yepombi yemvura.Iyo inoshandisa kudzvanywa kwepombi pachayo sesimba rekuona yakaderera-kumanikidza otomatiki chiito.Ndiko kuti, kana kudzvinyirirwa mupombi kwakadzikira pane yakatarwa yekudzivirira kukosha, chiteshi chemvura chinozovhurika otomatiki kubvisa mvura.Kubvisa kudzvanyirira kunoshandiswa kuenzanisa kudzvanywa kwepombi dzenzvimbo uye kudzivirira kukanganisa kwesando yemvura pamidziyo nemapaipi.Eliminators anogona kazhinji kukamurwa kuva mhando mbiri: mechanical uye hydraulic.Mechanical eliminators anodzoreredzwa nemaoko mushure mekuita, nepo hydraulic eliminators inogona kugadzikiswa otomatiki.
(3) Isa chivharo chekutarisa chinononoka-chinovhara pane yakakura-dhayamita yepombi yekubuda kwepombi pombi

Inogona kunyatsobvisa nyundo yemvura kana pombi yakamiswa, asi nekuti imwe chiyero chemvura ichayerera ichidzoka kana iyoApi 609vharafu inogadziriswa, mvura yekukweva tsime inofanira kunge iine pombi inofashukira.Kune marudzi maviri ekunonoka-kuvhara cheki mavharuvhu: sando mhando uye simba rekuchengetedza mhando.Iri rudzi rwevharuvhu rinogona kugadzirisa nguva yevhavha yekuvhara mukati meimwe siyana sezvinodiwa (unogamuchirwa kutevera: Pump Butler).Kazhinji, vharuvhu inovhara 70% kusvika 80% mukati me3 kusvika 7 seconds mushure mekupera kwemagetsi.Iyo yasara 20% kusvika 30% nguva yekuvhara inogadziriswa zvinoenderana nemamiriro epombi yemvura uye pombi, kazhinji muchikamu chegumi kusvika makumi matatu masekonzi.Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kana pane hump mupombi uye nyundo yemvura inoitika, basa revhavha yekuvhara zvishoma nezvishoma ishoma.
(4) Gadzira shongwe yenzira imwe chete yekumanikidza
Inovakwa padhuze nechiteshi chekupomba kana panzvimbo yakakodzera papombi, uye kureba kwenzira imwe chete yeshongwe yakaderera pane yekumanikidza kwepombi ipapo.Kana dzvinyiriro iri mupombi yakadzikira pane mwero wemvura mushongwe, nhanho inodzora mvura inodzoreredza mvura kune pombi kudzivirira mbiru yemvura kubvaruka uye kubhuroka sando yemvura.Zvisinei, simba rayo-kuderedza simba panyundo yemvura kunze kwepombi-kumisa nyundo yemvura, yakadai sevhavha-inovhara mvura nyundo, inogumira.Mukuwedzera, kushanda kwevhavha yenzira imwe inoshandiswa mune imwe-nzira yekumanikidza inodzora shongwe inofanira kuva yakavimbika zvachose.Kana vharuvhu yakundikana, inogona kukonzera nyundo huru yemvura.
(5) Misa pombi yokunzvenga (vharufu) muchiteshi chepombi
Apo pombi yepombi iri kushanda zvakajairika, cheki chevhavha yakavharwa nokuti mvura inodzvinyirira padivi repombi yakakwirira kudarika mvura yemvura padivi rekusveta.Apo simba rinodzima netsaona rinomira kamwe kamwe pombi, dzvinyiriro painobuda pombi yepombi yemvura inodonha zvikuru, ukuwo dzvinyiriro padivi rokusveta ichikwira zvakasimba.Pasi pekumanikidzwa uku kwakasiyana, iyo inopfupika yakakwira-kudzvanywa kwemvura mumvura yekusveta pombi hombe inosunda kuvhura cheki yevharuvhu ndiro uye inoyerera ichienda kune inopfupika yakaderera-inodzvinyirira mvura mumhepo yekumanikidza mvura pombi huru, zvichiita kuti kuderera kwemvura uko kuwedzere;kune rumwe rutivi, pombi yemvura Mvura yenyundo yemvura inokwira padivi rekusveta inoderedzwawo.Nenzira iyi, nyundo yemvura inosimuka uye kudonha kwemvura kumativi ose epombi yemvura inodzorwa, nokudaro kuderedza nekudzivirira njodzi dzesando dzemvura.
(6) Gadzira multi-stage check valve
Mune pombi refu yemvura, wedzera imwe kana kupfuuracheki mavharuvhu, gurai pombi yemvura muzvikamu zvakawanda, uye isa cheki valve pachikamu chimwe nechimwe.Apo mvura iri mupombi yemvura inoyerera ichidzoka munguva yesando yemvura, vharafu yega yega yecheki inovharwa imwe pashure peimwe kuti iparadzanise kuyerera kwemashure muzvikamu zvakawanda.Sezvo musoro wehydrostatic muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chepombi yemvura (kana kuti backflush flow section) iri diki, mwero wekuyerera kwemvura unodzikiswa.Hammer inosimudzira.Ichi chiyero chekudzivirira chinogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira mumamiriro ezvinhu apo iyo geometric mvura inopa kureba musiyano yakakura;asi haigone kubvisa mukana wekuparadzaniswa kwembiru yemvura.Kukanganisa kwayo kukuru ndekwe: kuwedzera simba rekushandisa pombi yemvura panguva yekushanda kwakajairika uye kuwedzera mari yekupa mvura.